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化学进展 DOI: 10.7536/PC230814   

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碳基复合吸波材料研究进展

陆水清1,2,3, 刘轶昌1,2,3, 解志鹏1,2,3, 张达1,2,3,*, 杨斌1,2,3, 梁风1,2,3,*   

  1. 1.昆明理工大学 云南省有色金属真空冶金重点实验室 昆明 650093;
    2.昆明理工大学 真空冶金国家工程研究中心 昆明 650093;
    3.昆明理工大学 冶金与能源工程学院 昆明 650093
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2023-11-12
  • 作者简介:张达 昆明理工大学讲师，2021年博士毕业于昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院，主要从事等离子体治金、材料制备与改性等方面的研究。梁风 昆明理工大学教授，博士生导师，日本九州大学客座教授。博士毕业于日本东京工业大学，入选“国家高层次人才”青年学者、国家人力资源与社会保障部资助高层次留学回国人才计划、云南省高端科技人才等多项人才计划。主要从事等离子体冶金及等离子体制备改性功能材料等方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（12175089,12205127）,云南省重点研发计划项目（202103AF140006）,云南省基础研究计划项目（202001AW070004,202301AS070051,202301AU070064）,云南省“兴滇英才支持计划” 产业创新人才（KKXY202252001）,云南省外国人才引进专项（202305AO350042）和云南省重大科技计划项目（202202AG050003）资助
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Research Progress of Carbon-Based Composite Absorbing Mate-rials

Shuiqing Lu1,2,3, Yichang Liu1,2,3, Zhipeng Xie1,2,3, Da Zhang1,2,3*, Bin Yang1,2,3, Feng Liang1,2,3*   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
    2. National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
    3. Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  • Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2023-11-12
  • Contact: *e-mail: liangfeng@kust.edu.cn (Feng Liang); zhangda@kust.edu.cn (Da Zhang)
  • Supported by:
    The work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12175089,12205127), the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province (202103AF140006), the Applied Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department (202001AW070004, 202301AS070051, 202301AU070064), Yunnan Industrial Innovative Talents Program for "Xingdian Talent Support Plan" (KKXY202252001), Yunnan Program for Introducing Foreign Talents (202305AO350042), and Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects (202202AG050003).
随着无线电波和电子信息技术飞速发展,电磁辐射污染问题日益突出,在全球范围内引起广泛关注。为了解决电磁污染问题,人们致力于研究与开发质量轻、厚度薄、频带宽和吸收强的电磁波吸收材料。与传统吸波材料相比,碳基复合吸波材料具有优异的介电性能、特殊的微观结构、良好的阻抗匹配以及高效的吸波性能,且可有效降低复合材料质量,在吸波材料领域拥有巨大的发展潜力,已逐渐成为研究热点。本文从阻抗匹配、损耗机制等方面概述了电磁波基本吸收原理,综述了碳-碳、碳-金属/金属氧化物、碳-陶瓷等不同种类碳基复合吸波材料的研究进展。同时,综述了上述碳基复合吸波材料的合成方法、吸波性能和衰减机制。最后,论述了碳基复合吸波材料在电磁波吸收方面存在的不足并提出了可能的解决方案,展望了碳基复合吸波材料未来的发展方向。
关键词： 电磁波吸收, 碳基复合材料, 结构特征, 吸波机理
With the rapid development of radio waves and electronic information technology, the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution is becoming more and more prominent, which has attracted wide attention around the world. In order to solve the problem of electromagnetic pollution, people are committed to researching and developing electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials with light weight, thin thickness, a wide frequency band, and strong absorption. Compared with traditional wave-absorbing materials, carbon-based composite wave-absorbing materials have excellent dielectric properties, special microstructure, good impedance matching and efficient wave-absorbing properties, and can effectively reduce the quality of composite materials, which has great development potential in the field of wave-absorbing materials, and has gradually become a research hotspot. In this paper, the basic absorption principle of electromagnetic wave is summarized from the aspects of impedance matching and loss mechanism, and the research progress of carbon-carbon, carbon-metal/metal oxide, carbon-ceramics and other kinds of carbon-based composite absorbing materials is reviewed. At the same time, the synthesis methods, absorption properties and attenuation mechanism of these carbon-based composite absorbing materials are reviewed. Finally, the shortcomings of carbon-based composite absorbing materials in electromagnetic wave absorption are discussed and possible solutions are put forward, and the future development direction of carbon-based composite absorbing materials is prospected.
Key words: electromagnetic wave absorption, carbon-based composites, structural feature, microwave absorption mechanism

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碳基复合吸波材料研究进展