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化学进展 2024, Vol. 36 Issue (3): 416-429 DOI: 10.7536/PC230706 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

聚合物修饰蛋白质的功能化及其应用

万江, 张景泽, 陈虹伶, 沈含梅, 王震, 张春*()   

  1. 华中科技大学生命科学与技术学院 武汉 430000
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-10 修回日期:2023-10-18 出版日期:2024-03-24 发布日期:2024-02-23
  • 作者简介:

    张春 华中科技大学生命科学与技术学院教授。主要从事有机孔材料及纳米药物等方向的研究。在国际期刊上发表SCI论文70余篇。先后主持多项国家自然科学基金及湖北省自然科学基金等项目。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22275062); 国家自然科学基金项目(22005110); 大学生创新创业训练计划(S202310487273)
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Functionalization and Application of Polymer-Modified Proteins

Jiang Wan, Jingze Zhang, Hongling Chen, Hanmei Shen, Zhen Wang, Chun Zhang()   

  1. College of life science and technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
  • Received:2023-07-10 Revised:2023-10-18 Online:2024-03-24 Published:2024-02-23
  • Contact: * e-mail: chunzhang@hust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22275062); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005110); Undergraduates Research Training Program(S202310487273)

蛋白质作为一类重要的生物大分子，由于其特殊的三维空间结构及高效的催化活性，在生物催化、药物递送以及分子成像等化工及医学领域有着广泛的应用。然而，由于其具有稳定性较低、免疫原性较强、有机溶剂中溶解性差等缺陷，应用受到限制。聚合物修饰是解决上述问题的重要方法之一，能够从多方面改善蛋白质的功能，扩展蛋白质的应用。从此角度出发，本综述聚焦于最新的研究，总结了利用聚合物修饰改善蛋白质稳定性和活性、免疫原性、溶解性、自组装的合成方法、原理、应用、现存问题及解决方法。在此基础上，分析了该策略在商业及临床转化过程中面临的挑战及发展趋势。

关键词： 蛋白质, 聚合物修饰, 稳定性和活性, 免疫原性, 溶解性, 自组装

As a kind of important biological macromolecules, proteins have been widely used in chemical and medical fields, such as biocatalysis, drug delivery, and molecular imaging due to their special three-dimensional spatial structure and high catalytic activity. However, there are a series of problems in the practical application of proteins. For example, proteins are easily inactivated in extreme environments. Protein drugs have strong immunogenicity in vivo, which leads to short half-life of drugs and causes adverse reactions in patients easily. Their low solubility in organic solvents limits their use in organic solvents. In order to solve the above problems, researchers have developed methods such as protein engineering and co-immobilization, but there are corresponding shortcomings. Polymer modification is one of the important methods, which can improve the properties of proteins from many aspects and expand the application of proteins. From this point of view, this review focuses on the latest research and classical literature on polymer-modified proteins, and introduces their ingenious modification methods to synthesize materials with excellent properties. The principle, practical application, existing problems and solutions of improving protein stability and activity, immunogenicity, solubility and self-assembly by polymer modification are summarized. On this basis, the challenges and possible development trends in the commercial and clinical translation of this strategy are analyzed.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Stability and activity

2.1 Stability to temperature and pH

2.2 Stability to protease hydrolysis

2.3 Stability of chemical denaturants

2.4 Enhanced enzyme activity

2.5 Regulation of enzyme activity

3 Immunogenicity

4 Solubility

5 Self-assembly

5.1 Drug delivery

5.2 Molecular imaging

6 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: protein, polymer modification, stability and activity, immunogenicity, solubility, self-assembly
()
图1 不同接枝方法的原理及其优缺点
Fig. 1 The principles and advantages and disadvantages of different grafting methods.
图2 聚合物修饰通过稳定蛋白质展开时中间体的结构而提升蛋白质的稳定性[1]
Fig. 2 Polymer modifications enhance protein stability by stabilizing the structure of the protein’s partially unfolded intermediate[1]
图3 PAA在过氧化氢酶周围形成交联的网络结构限制蛋白酶等大分子的接近，增加对蛋白酶水解的抵抗力[53]
Fig. 3 PAA forms a cross-linked network structure around catalase to restrict the proximity of macromolecules such as protease and increase the resistance to protease hydrolysis[53]
图4 GOX/HRP-PHPMA偶联物的合成原理及其实现复合酶级联反应，增加反应效率的过程[62]
Fig. 4 The synthesis principle of GOX/HRP-PHPMA conjugates and the process of realizing complex enzyme cascade reaction to increase reaction efficiency[62]
图5 温度响应性BSA-PNIPAAM偶联物的合成，偶联物吸附IS，并通过热沉淀回收IS[92]
Fig. 5 Synthesis of the thermally responsive polymer-protein conjugate system. Then the conjugate capture IS. Finally, the captured IS is recovered by thermal precipitation[92]
图6 表面修饰配体的负载阿霉素的BSA-PCL囊泡的合成及其增加对肿瘤组织的靶向性的过程[99]
Fig. 6 Synthesis of doxorubicin-loaded BSA-PCL vesicles with surface-modified ligands and its increased targeting to tumor tissue [99]
图7 HSA-PDPA/ICG（HDI）纳米探针的合成、pH响应性及肿瘤组织的特异性成像[30]
Fig. 7 Synthesis, pH response and tumor specific imaging of HSA-PDPA/ICG (HDI) nanoprobes[30]
图8 避免蛋白质-聚合物偶联物活性降低的措施：A可逆连接；B特定位点修饰；C 基因编辑
Fig. 8 Measures to avoid decreased activity of protein- polymer conjugates: A reversible linkage; B site-specific modifications; C gene editing
表1 目前正在使用和开发的PEG替代品的例子，PG，聚甘油； PAOx，聚（2-烷基-2- 唑啉）
Table 1 Examples of current alternatives to PEG in use and development. PG, poly (glycerol); PAOx, poly (2-oxazoline)s
Examples of alternatives to PEG currently in use and development
Biodegradable PSA[146]、PCL[99]、HA[119]
Non-Biodegradable PHPMA[147]、PVP[148]、PAOx[149]
Branched and Comb PG[150]
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