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化学进展 2024, Vol. 36 Issue (2): 234-243 DOI: 10.7536/PC230623 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

氧化物气凝胶高温红外改性研究

黄睿名, 姜勇刚*(), 柳凤琦, 冯军宗, 李良军, 冯坚   

  1. 国防科技大学 空天科学学院 新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室 长沙 410073
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-25 修回日期:2023-09-15 出版日期:2024-02-24 发布日期:2024-01-08
  • 作者简介:

    姜勇刚 博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，主要从事纳米气凝胶隔热复合材料研究；发表学术论文30余篇，获国家授权发明专利20余项。

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省重点研发计划(2022GK2027); 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30632); 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2204403)
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Research Advances on High-Temperature Infrared Modification of Oxide Aerogels

Ruiming Huang, Yonggang Jiang(), Fengqi Liu, Junzong Feng, Liangjun Li, Jian Feng   

  1. Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
  • Received:2023-06-25 Revised:2023-09-15 Online:2024-02-24 Published:2024-01-08
  • Contact: *e-mail: jygemail@nudt.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Hunan Province Key R&D Plan(2022GK2027); Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30632); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2204403)

氧化物气凝胶是一类具有超低热导率的新型纳米多孔材料，在航空航天等高温隔热领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而目前常见的氧化硅、氧化铝等氧化物气凝胶受材料/结构单元固有性质的限制，其通常具有红外透明性，而高温下辐射传热占据主导地位，大量红外辐射会透过气凝胶，热导率急剧攀升，导致其高温隔热性能较差，因此需要对其进行高温红外改性，从而满足更高的隔热性能需求。本文综述了近年来添加遮光剂、纤维及调整气凝胶的结构/形貌在提高氧化物气凝胶高温隔热性能方面的研究进展，并对未来研究方向进行展望。

关键词： 氧化物气凝胶, 红外改性, 复合材料, 高温隔热, 遮光剂, 纤维

Oxide aerogel is a novel nano-porous material with ultra-low thermal conductivity. In particular, it can be used in spaceflight applications and other thermal management fields. Currently, with high infrared transmittance, most of the common pure oxide aerogels, such as silica and alumina, have no advantages in high-temperature insulation because of their intrinsic property. However, electromagnetic radiation in the near-infrared region is the main mode of heat conduction at high temperatures, accordingly, a large amount of electromagnetic radiation will pass through aerogel and lead to the rapid increase of thermal conductivity. Therefore, to meet the requirement of thermal insulation at higher temperature, it is necessary to reduce the radiative heat transfer. Based on the research status, this paper reviewed the main progress of improving high temperature insulation of oxide aerogel by adding opacifier, fiber and adjusting the structure and morphology. Moreover, the future research direction has prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Application of opacifiers in infrared modification of aerogels

2.1 TiO2 opacifier

2.2 SiC opacifier

2.3 Carbon materials opacifier

2.4 Other opacifier

3 Application of fiber in infrared modification of aerogels

3.1 Glass fiber

3.2 ZrO2 fiber

3.3 Mullite fiber

3.4 Modified fiber

4 Application of structure/morphology change in infrared modification of aerogels

4.1 Multiple-layer aerogel insulation materials

4.2 Lamellar aerogels

4.3 Nanofiber aerogels

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: oxide aerogel, infrared modification, composite material, high temperature insulation, opacifier, fiber
()
图1 TiO2遮光机理示意图[16]
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of shading mechanism of TiO2[16]
图2 (a) 3D打印SiO2气凝胶流程图； (b, c) 打印气凝胶实物图[35]
Fig. 2 (a) 3D printing of SiO2 aerogel flow chart; (b, c) physical diagram of printiong aerogel[35]
图3 石墨烯掺杂量对热导率的影响[38]
Fig. 3 Effect of doping amount on thermal conductivity of graphene[38]
图4 不同微玻璃纤维掺杂量(fc)下热导率随温度变化趋势[48]
Fig. 4 Variation trend of thermal conductivity with temperature under different doping amounts(fc) of microglass fibers[48]
图5 (a~c) ZrO2纤维增强ZrO2-SiO2气凝胶的SEM图片[49]
Fig. 5 (a~c)SEM image of ZrO2 fiber reinforced ZrO2-SiO2 aerogel[49]
图6 (a) 复合材料隔热机理图；(b~d) 材料隔热性能测试；(e) 测试前后样品形貌变化；(f) 与先前文献中其他气凝胶复合材料于1000 ℃高温热导率对比[56]
Fig. 6 (a) Mechanism schematic of thermal insulation of composite material; (b~d) insulation performance test of materials; (e) sample morphology changes before and after testing; (f) compared with the thermal conductivity of other aerogel composites in previous literature at 1000 ℃[56]
图7 SiC包覆莫来石纤维SEM图[58]
Fig. 7 SEM images of SiC-coated mullite fiber[58]
图8 改性莫来石纤维隔热机理图[59]
Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of thermal insulation mechanism of modified mullite fiber[59]
图9 多层隔热材料结构示意图
Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of multi-layer insulation material structure
图10 α-Al2O3纳米片制备过程示意图及其SEM图[68]
Fig. 10 Schematic illustration of the synthesis and the SEM image of α-Al2O3 nanosheets[68]
图11 Al2O3纳米棒的包覆过程示意图[22]
Fig. 11 Schematic diagram of coating process of Al2O3 nanorods[22]
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摘要

氧化物气凝胶高温红外改性研究