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化学进展 2023, Vol. 35 Issue (12): 1895-1910 DOI: 10.7536/PC230417 前一篇   

• 综述 •

高热沉碳氢喷气燃料吸热反应研究进展

房振全1, 姜书根2, 张兴华1,*(), 张琦1, 陈伦刚1, 刘建国1, 马隆龙1   

  1. 1 东南大学能源与环境学院 能源热转换及其过程测控教育部重点实验室(东南大学) 南京 210096
    2 南京五洲制冷集团有限公司 南京 211100
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-14 修回日期:2023-08-30 出版日期:2023-12-24 发布日期:2023-11-30
  • 作者简介:

    张兴华 东南大学能源与环境学院教授、博导。主要从事生物质烃类燃料领域的应用基础研究与工程化验证研究。近年主持中科院先导专项课题、国家重点研发课题及国家自然科学基金项目10余项。在Appl. Energy、Fuel、Energy等专业期刊发表SCI论文60余篇,他引2000余次。先后入选为中国科学院青年创新促进会会员、广东省“珠江人才计划”本土创新团队核心成员及广东省特支计划-科技创新青年拔尖人才。获广东省自然科学一等奖1项,广东省技术发明一等奖1项。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFB4201803); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(52236010); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(52376173)
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Endothermic Reaction of High Heat Sink Hydrocarbon Jet Fuel

Zhenquan Fang1, Shugen Jiang2, Xinghua Zhang1,*(), Qi Zhang1, Lungang Chen1, Jianguo Liu1, Longlong Ma1   

  1. 1 Southeast University, School of Energy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education (Southeast University),Nanjing 210009, China
    2 Nanjing Wuzhou Refrigeration Group Co., Ltd,Nanjing 211100, China
  • Received:2023-04-14 Revised:2023-08-30 Online:2023-12-24 Published:2023-11-30
  • Contact: *e-mail: zhangxh@seu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4201803); Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52236010); Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376173)

高超音速飞行器是空天领域的重要发展方向,是国家整体科技实力的重要标志。吸热型碳氢燃料为兼具冷却与推进功能,需要具备高热沉、高密度、高热值、高热安定性、低冰点、低结焦和低成本的“四高三低”的基本特征。本文总结了吸热型碳氢燃料吸热反应研究进展,重点关注热裂解、催化裂解和催化蒸汽重整对于热沉的影响,分析了温度、压力和停留时间等热解条件对热沉的影响,考察了燃料组成、分子结构与热裂解间的关联规律,总结了分子筛、纳米颗粒和引发剂对吸热型碳氢燃料催化裂解行为和热沉的影响特性,并对吸热反应过程中的结焦及抑制技术进行了总结,结合发展现状提出了吸热型碳氢燃料未来的研究方向。

关键词： 吸热型碳氢燃料, 热裂解, 催化裂解, 催化蒸汽重整, 热沉

Hypersonic vehicle is not only the significant development direction in the field of air and space, but also the important symbol of the overall scientific and technological strength of a country. In order to combine cooling and propulsion functions, endothermic hydrocarbon fuel need to possess the basic characteristics of high heat sink, high density, high calorific value, high thermal stability, low freezing point, low coking and low cost. In this paper, the research progress of endothermic reactions of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels was summarized. This paper focusing on the effects of thermal cracking, catalytic cracking and catalytic steam reforming on heat sink. Firstly, the effects of pyrolysis conditions such as temperature, pressure and residence time on heat sink were analyzed. And then, the correlation between fuel composition, molecular structure and thermal cracking, and the effects of molecular sieves, nanoparticles and initiators on the catalytic cracking behavior and heat sink of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels were summarized. Furthermore, the influence of molecular sieve, nanoparticles and initiator on the catalytic cracking behavior and heat sink of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels, and the coking and inhibition technology in the process of endothermic reaction is summarized. Finally, the future research directions of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels are proposed in the light of the current development.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Effect of thermal cracking on heat sink

2.1 Pyrolysis conditions

2.2 Fuel composition

3 Effect of catalytic cracking on heat sink

3.1 Molecular sieve

3.2 Nanoparticles

3.3 Initiator

4 Effect of catalytic steam reforming on heat sink

5 Comprehensive comparison of heat absorption technology

6 Coking and inhibition technology

7 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: endothermic hydrocarbon fuel, thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, catalytic steam reforming, heat sink
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图1 高超声速飞行器及其发动机冷却的总体示意图[5]
Fig. 1 Overall schematic representation of the hypersonic vehicle with its cooled engine[5]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society
图2 所需热沉与马赫数的关系[4]
Fig. 2 Heat sink required as a function of Mach number[4]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier.
图3 热解产物中烯烃/烷烃的浓度比[26]
Fig. 3 Concentration ratio of alkenes/alkanes in pyrolysis products[26]. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society.
图4 烃类在700℃、3.0 MPa下热解的HSI-分子结构关系[43]
Fig. 4 HSI-molecular structure relationship of hydrocarbons pyrolysis at 700℃ and 3.0 MPa[43]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier.
图5 超支化聚酰胺-胺包裹Pt NPs对十氢萘裂解的影响[98]
Fig. 5 Effect of Pt NPs encapsulated by hyperbranched polyamide-amine on the cracking of decalin[98]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society
图6 十六烷基超支化聚乙烯亚胺对JP-10裂解的影响[125]
Fig. 6 Effect of hexadecyl hyperbranched polyethyleneimine on the pyrolysis of JP-10[125]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier
图7 棕榈酰基超支化聚甘油的合成示意图[129]
Fig. 7 Synthesis scheme of palmitoyl hyperbranched polyglycerol[129]. Copyright 2015, Elsevier
表1 吸热技术综合对比
Table 1 Comprehensive comparison of heat absorption technology
Reaction rate Endothermic value Temperature(℃) Coking value Product selectivity Catalyst Energy efficiency*
Thermal cracking[143⇓~145] Slow Increase by20%~30% 300~1000 10%~30% Worse Not require 10%~30%
Catalytic cracking[146⇓⇓~149] Fast Increase by 30%~50%,or even higher 500~1000 5%~20% Good Require 50%~70%
Catalytic steam
reforming[136; 138; 139; 150]		 Fast Increase by 20%~50%,or even higher 400~1000 0.1%~10% Good Require 60%~80%
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