• 综述 •
李立清, 钟秀敏, 章礼旭, 刘昆明, 王全兵, 马杰. 双网络水凝胶制备及其力学改性[J]. 化学进展, 2023, 35(11): 1674-1685.
Li Liqing, Zhong Xiumin, Zhang Lixu, Liu Kunming, Wang Quanbing, Ma Jie. Preparation of Double Network Hydrogels and their Mechanical Modification[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2023, 35(11): 1674-1685.
双网络水凝胶(Double Network Hydrogels)是两个互穿或半穿三维网络组成的聚合物材料,其独特的对比互穿网络结构和可调节的网络交联方式克服了单网络水凝胶在力学性能上的障碍,并以其良好的机械、抗溶胀、自修复等力学性能而被广泛地应用于组织工程、智能传感器、离子吸附等领域。然而,现有技术存在合成步骤繁多、制备条件复杂以及使用有毒有害的化学交联等问题,限制了双网络水凝胶的大规模生产应用。因此,近年来对双网络水凝胶的改性研究受到了越来越多的关注,科研工作者主要围绕如何提高双网络水凝胶的力学性能开展了一系列结构修饰研究,旨在扩宽其在各个领域的应用。本文综述了双网络水凝胶的种类,详细介绍了不同的水凝胶的制备方法、结构和独特性能。重点针对改善其机械性能、抗溶胀性能和自修复性能等力学性能的改性研究进行了分析,旨在突破双网络水凝胶目前的局限性,为其未来的发展提供思路和方向。
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Category | Double Network hydrogels | Preparation method | Performance | ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Organic-organic double network hydrogels | PVA/PAM-co-PAA | Two-steps methods of copolymerization and freezing/thawing | High strength and toughness(1230±90 kPa和1250±50 kJ / m3), fast self-recovery | |
PVA/PAA | Two-step method | After 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, the removal rate remained nearly 100% | ||
κ-car/SA | Calcium-hardening method | The maximum adsorption capacity for CIP reaches 220 mg/g | ||
κ-car/PNAGA | One-pot method | The hydrogel, cut in half, was annealed at 90℃ for 3 hours and subsequently healed and withstood bending and stretching by hand | ||
Organic-inorganic double network hydrogels | GO/PAA | Two step synthesis | After the press is compressed, the press is removed and the press can also be restored to its original shape | |
Alginate/RGO | Hydrothermal reduction method | After 10 cycles, the adsorption capacities of Cr2 and Cu2+on the GAD were maintained at 48.23 and 92.12 mg·g-1, respectively | ||
GO/SA | Soaking method | After 18 adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of GAD hydrogel for Mn (II) remained unchanged at 11.2 mg/g | ||
PAM/SAC | Solution polymerization method | Tensile properties (stress and strain are 12 MPa and 2500%, respectively) and compressive strength (stress and strain are 65 MPa and 80%, respectively) | ||
Silica particles/PDMAAm | One-pot method | The DN ion gels with an 80 wt% IL content show more than 28 MPa of compressive fracture stress | ||
BC-GEL / HAp | Soaking method | Has a higher modulus of elasticity (0.27 MPa) and fracture (0.28 MPa) |
Improve mechanical properties | Double Network hydrogels | Performance | ref |
---|---|---|---|
Improved mechanical properties | agar/PAM | Able to withstand high levels of compression and stretching | |
curdlan/PAM | Tensile rupture strength of 0.81 MPa, tensile stress of 25.3 MPa | ||
TM-SiO2/ PAM/PAA | Both tensile and compressive strength have increased, and the network structure is more stable | ||
GO/SA/PVA | The breaking strength increased from 0.11 MPa of pure SA/PVA to 0.24 MPa | ||
Improved anti-swelling performance | PVA/P(AM-co-AA)/CS | Strong electrostatic interactions reduce the swelling rate of hydrogels | |
SA/CS/Zn2+ | The swelling rate of the hydrogel decreases with increasing zinc content | ||
GO/ CA/PAM | Smaller dissolution changes in visual model plots | ||
PAA/P (AM-co-AA sodium salts) | Remarkable swelling characteristics (an SR of 1200% ± 20% and an unusually high compressive modulus of 10.12 ± 0.31 MPa) | ||
SSH | Compression modulus increases by 15.6% ± 4.5% at a 25% swelling rate | ||
BCD-AMPS/PAM | Reactive strand extensions of up to 40% lead to hydrogels that stretch 40% to 50% further and exhibit tear energies that are twice as large. | ||
Improve self-healing performance | Alginate/ polyacrylamide | After standing at 80℃ for 1 day, the recovery relative to the initial value was 74% | |
PAM/SA-Fe | The breaking strength and toughness recovered 103.85% and 75.54%, respectively, within 1 min | ||
Agar / PAM | After standing for 2 min at room temperature without external stimuli, toughness recovers approximately 83% | ||
ST/ PAA/ AMPS | The damage at the cutting interface will slowly but steadily self-repair to its initial state |
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