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化学进展 2023, Vol. 35 Issue (10): 1486-1491 DOI: 10.7536/PC230222 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

生物大分子液-液相分离研究方法

赵楚斌1,2, 汪海林1,2,*()   

  1. 1 国科大杭州高等研究院 杭州 310024
    2 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 北京 100085
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-28 修回日期:2023-05-23 出版日期:2023-10-24 发布日期:2023-08-07
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(21927807); 国家自然科学基金项目(22021003)
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Research Methods for Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Biological Macromolecules

Chubin Zhao1,2, Hailin Wang1,2,*()   

  1. 1 Hangzhou Institute for Advance Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hangzhou 310024, China
    2 Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085, China
  • Received:2023-02-28 Revised:2023-05-23 Online:2023-10-24 Published:2023-08-07
  • Contact: *e-mail: hlwang@rcees.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21927807); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22021003)

生物大分子液-液相分离是一种普遍存在的生物物理现象,是近年来生命科学领域的新兴研究热点。生物大分子通过多价相互作用不断富集,当分子浓度达到溶液中的溶解阈值,就会以液-液相分离的形式从溶液中析出。这一现象与细胞内许多重要的生物学过程(如无膜细胞器的形成等)息息相关。随着相分离相关研究的不断深入,其研究方法也在不断发展与完善。本文从相分离的原理与特点出发,对目前常用的一些相分离研究方法进行了介绍,为后续相分离研究提供方法依据,促进相分离技术和方法的进一步发展。

关键词： 液-液相分离, 光学显微成像, 荧光相关光谱, 分子模拟

The liquid-liquid phase separation of biological macromolecules is widely observed in various biological systems, and has become an emerging research focus of life science in recent years. Biological macromolecules are continuously enriched through multivalent interaction. When the molecular concentration reaches the dissolution threshold in solution, they will be precipitated from solution in the form of liquid-liquid phase separation. It is closely related to many important biological processes in cells (such as the formation of membraneless organelles). With the deepening of research on phase separation, its research methods are also developing and improving. Based on the principle and characteristics of phase separation, this paper introduces some commonly used research methods of phase separation. It provides the method basis for the subsequent phase separation research and promotes the further development of phase separation techniques and methods.

Contents

1 Principle and characteristics of liquid-liquid separation

2 Imaging technique for liquid-liquid phase separation

2.1 Optical microimaging

2.2 Single-molecule fluorescence imaging

2.3 Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

3 Theoretical prediction for liquid-liquid separation

3.1 Phase separation prediction and modeling

3.2 Databases of phase separation related proteins

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: liquid-liquid phase separation, optical microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, molecular simulation
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摘要

生物大分子液-液相分离研究方法