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化学进展 2023, Vol. 35 Issue (7): 1065-1076 DOI: 10.7536/PC221121 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

功能型聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料的制备及应用

张文博1,*(), 王佳宁1, 卫林峰2, 金花3, 鲍艳4, 马建中4   

  1. 1 陕西科技大学 陕西省轻化工助剂化学与技术协同创新中心 化学与化工学院 西安 710021
    2 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 西安 710016
    3 温州职业技术学院 设计创意学院 温州 325000
    4 陕西科技大学 轻工科学与工程学院(柔性电子学院) 西安 710021
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-24 修回日期:2023-02-28 出版日期:2023-07-24 发布日期:2023-03-30
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21908141); 国家自然科学基金(52073164); 陕西省重点研发计划(2019GY-171); ,浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGG21E030003)
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Preparation and Application of Functional Polymer-Based Electromagnetic Shielding Materials

Wenbo Zhang1(), Jianing Wang1, Linfeng Wei2, Hua Jin3, Yan Bao4, Jianzhong Ma4   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology,Xi'an 710021, China
    2 Xi'an Rare Metal Materials Institute Co. Ltd,Xi'an 710016, China
    3 School of Design and Creativity, Wenzhou Polytechnic University,Wenzhou 325000, China
    4 College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering (College of Flexible Electronics), Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710021, China
  • Received:2022-11-24 Revised:2023-02-28 Online:2023-07-24 Published:2023-03-30
  • Contact: * e-mail: zhangwenbo@sust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908141); National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073164); Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2019GY-171); Zhejiang Provincial Basic Public Welfare Research Plan Project(LGG21E030003)

随着大功率电子设备和电子通信技术的快速发展,如新兴的5G移动网络通信技术,开发高性能电磁干扰屏蔽材料已成为迫切的需求。聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料(PEMSM)由于其重量轻、可加工性强和电导率可调节等方面的优势而得到了长足的发展。日益复杂的应用环境和使用条件对PEMSM的功能性提出了更高的要求。本文首先讨论了电磁屏蔽的关键概念和损耗机制(反射、吸收和多次反射);其次总结了目前PEMSM的结构,包括均质结构、隔离结构、多孔结构和层状结构等,其中均质结构加工流程简单,隔离结构可降低材料的导电逾渗阈值,多孔结构有助于电磁波的多次反射和吸收,层状结构可以使电磁波在材料内部多次反射;然后详细介绍了功能型PEMSM的研究进展,涉及的功能包括耐久性、超疏水、抗菌性和电热性等;最后对功能性PEMSM的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词： 聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料, 电磁屏蔽, 结构设计, 功能型复合材料

With the rapid development of high-power electronic equipment and electronic communication technology such as the emerging 5G mobile network communication technology, the development of high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding materials has become a desideratum. Polymer-based electromagnetic shielding materials (PEMSM) have been widely applied due to their advantages of lightweight, machinability, and adjustable conductivity. The increasingly complex application environment and operating conditions put forward higher requirements for the functionality of PEMSM. This paper firstly discusses the key concepts and loss mechanism of electromagnetic shielding (reflection, absorption, and multiple reflections), and then summarizes the current structural design of electromagnetic shielding composites including homogeneous structure, segregation structure, porous structure, and layered structure. The process of homogeneous structure is simple, and segregation structure can reduce the conductivity percolation threshold of materials. The porous structure is helpful for electromagnetic waves reflection and absorption, and the layered structure can make electromagnetic wave reflect inside the material many times. The research progress of PEMSM with the functions such as durability, superhydrophobicity, antibacterial property, Joule heating property, etc. is introduced in detail. Finally, the development of PEMSM is prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Mechanism of EMI Shielding

3 Structural designs of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding materials

3.1 Homogeneous structure

3.2 Segregation structure

3.3 Porous structure

3.4 Layered structure

4 Functional polymer-based electromagnetic shielding materials

4.1 Durability

4.2 Superhydrophobicity

4.3 Antibacterial property

4.4 Joule heating property

4.5 Others

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: polymer-based electromagnetic shielding materials, electromagnetic shielding, structural design, functional composites
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图1 基于传输线理论的电磁屏蔽机制示意图
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of EMI shielding mechanism based on transmission line theory
图2 共混法制备GnPs@Ni/PPSU复合材料的示意图[68]
Fig.2 Schematic diagrams of preparation of GnPs@Ni/PPSU composite by solution blending[68]
图3 (a) Ti3C2Tx MXene/RGO泡沫结构电磁屏蔽复合材料的制备过程[79]。(b) 双向冷冻方法制备Ti3C2Tx/CNT混合气凝胶[82]
Fig.3 (a) Preparation of Ti3C2Tx MXene/RGO foam structure electromagnetic shielding composite[79]. (b) Ti3C2Tx/CNT hybrid aerogel fabricated by bidirectional freezing method[82]
图4 (a) 交替多层CNF@MXene薄膜的制备过程[83]。(b)固化法制备rGO@Fe3O4/T-ZnO/Ag/WPU复合薄膜[85]。(c)MXene/AgNW薄膜制备示意图[86]
Fig.4 Preparation of (a) multilayer CNF@MXene films[83], (b) rGO@Fe3O4/T-ZnO/Ag/WPU composite films by curing method[85] and (c) transparent MXene/AgNW film[86]
图5 (a) 弯曲AgNF薄膜的扫描电镜图像[94]。(b) AgNWs和纤维素片之间的相互作用[95]
Fig.5 (a) SEM image of a bended AgNF film[94]. (b) Interaction between AgNWs and cellulose sheets[95].
图6 (a,b) d-AgNWs@CS-PDMS的水接触角和抗菌性[105]。(c,d)棉纤维、CDCFs和纳米Cu/CDCFs的抗菌性和水接触角[106]
Fig.6 Water contact angle and antibacterial activity of (a,b) d-AgNWs@CS-PDMS[105] and (c,d) cotton fibers, CDCFs and Cu/CDCFs[106]
图7 (a) PI复合薄膜的制备示意图[110]。(b)MXene/ANF@FeNi复合薄膜的电热性能[111]
Fig.7 (a) Schematic diagram of PI composite film preparation[110]. (b) Joule heating property of MXene/ANF@FeNi film[111]
图8 (a)AgNW薄膜的透射率。(b)550 nm处的透射率[115]
Fig.8 Schematic of the AgNW film (a) transmittance and(b) transmittance at 550 nm[115]
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