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化学进展 2023, Vol. 35 Issue (2): 206-218 DOI: 10.7536/PC220705 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

活性人工游泳体的螺旋运动

王静1, 于浩迪1, 王俊坤1, 袁玲1, 任林2,*(), 高庆宇1,*()   

  1. 1 中国矿业大学化工学院 徐州 221116
    2 温州大学化学与材料工程学院 新材料与产业技术研究院 温州 325035
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-06 修回日期:2022-11-18 出版日期:2023-02-24 发布日期:2023-02-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22120102001); 国家自然科学基金项目(21972165)
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Helical Motion of Active Artificial Swimmers

Jing Wang1, Haodi Yu1, Junkun Wang1, Ling Yuan1, Lin Ren2(), Qingyu Gao1()   

  1. 1 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116, China
    2 College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035, China
  • Received:2022-07-06 Revised:2022-11-18 Online:2023-02-24 Published:2023-02-15
  • Contact: *e-mail: rlin1981@163.com (Lin Ren); gaoqy@cumt.edu.cn (Qingyu Gao)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22120102001); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972165)

螺旋运动轨迹在自然界的各个尺度中普遍存在,其影响着多种生命过程包括生物繁殖、觅食、定位有利环境和检测营养梯度等。开发化学力等驱动螺旋运动的人工游泳体不仅具有广泛的应用价值以及提升我们对生物游泳体运动规律和机理的认识,同时推动新型机器人运动设计和提高机器人的运动效率。本文首先总结了人工系统中以微生物鞭毛/纤毛的旋转和拍打等方式为灵感来源设计的可进行螺旋运动的人工游泳体,然后综述了近年来在材料化学领域制备的进行螺旋运动小型人工游泳体的研究进展,并根据驱动力来源的不同对各种类型活性人工游泳体进行分类介绍,最后提出了目前研究中待解决的问题并对未来发展和研究方向进行了展望。

关键词： 活性物质, 人工游泳体, 螺旋运动, 表面张力, 化学力

Helical motion can be observed on all length scales, which affects a variety of life processes, including biological reproduction, foraging, locating favorable environments and detecting nutrient gradients. The development of artificial swimmers that can perform helical motions not only has a wide range of applications and improves our understanding of the laws and mechanisms of biological swimmers' motions, but also contributes to the design of novel robots and improves the efficiency of robotic motions. In this paper, we first summarize artificial swimmers that can perform helical motions in artificial systems designed by using the rotation and flapping of microbial flagella/cilia as an inspiration source. Then diverse artificial swimmers that perform helical motions in recent years are introduced by different sources of driving force. Finally, the unresolved questions and prospect are tentatively presented in this field.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Helical motion and bionic design of biological swimmers

2.1 Flagella-driven swimmers

2.2 Cilia-driven swimmers

3 Driving forces and motion control of helical motion of artificial swimmers

3.1 Helical motion driven by external physical fields

3.2 Helical motion driven by interfacial/surface tension force

3.3 Helical motion driven by chemical force

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: active matter, artificial swimmer, helical motion, surface tension, chemical force
()
图1 生物游泳体的螺旋运动方式:(a, b) 具有单鞭毛生物的运动方式;(c, d) 具有毛周鞭毛生物的运动方式
Fig.1 Helical motion of biological swimmers. (a, b) Motility of organisms with a single flagellum;(c, d) Motility of organisms with a periplasmic flagellum
图2 以生物游泳体为灵感来源设计的仿生人工游泳体[30,32??? ~36]
Fig.2 Bionic artificial swimmers inspired by biological swimmers[30,32??? ~36]
图3 纤毛驱动的螺旋运动:(a) 生物游泳体;(b) 仿生纤毛虫;(i) 和 (ii) 为仿生纤毛虫的磁驱动示意图;(iii) 运动轨迹[47]
Fig.3 Cilia-driven biological movement. (a) Biological swimmers;(b) Bionic ciliates;(i) and (ii) are the magnetic drive schematic diagram of the bionic ciliates; (iii) motion trajectory[47]
图4 ICEP推动人工游泳体的螺旋运动:(a) 球型[7];(b) 椭球型[56]
Fig.4 ICEP driven-helical motion of artificial swimmers: (a) spherical type[7];(b) ellipsoidal type[56]
图5 在不同电场频率下游泳体的运动行为:(a) 电场频率对运动方向的影响;(b) 在不同电场频率下游泳体运动的实时图像[52]
Fig.5 Motion behavior of swimmers at different electric field frequencies. (a) The effect of electric field frequency on the direction of motion;(b) Real-time images of the swimmer's motion at different electric field frequency[52]
图6 磁场驱动游泳体的运动行为:(a) 旋转磁场驱动微轮的运动[58];(b) 磁场驱动非对称游泳体的运动[59]
Fig.6 Magnetic field-driven kinematic behavior of swimmers: (a) Motion of micro wheel driven by rotating magnetic field[58]; (b) Motion of asymmetric swimming body driven by magnetic field[59]
图7 光驱动游泳体的运动行为:(a) 光诱导离子扩散电泳驱动AgCl-Janus 粒子的运动[63];(b) 光诱导扩散渗透流驱动SiO2 颗粒的运动[64]
Fig.7 Light-driven kinematic behavior of swimmers: (a) Light-induced ion diffusion electrophoresis driving the motion of AgCl-Janus particles[63]; (b) Light-induced diffusion permeation flow driving the motion of SiO2 particles[64]
图8 超声场驱动游泳体的运动行为:(a) 超声场驱动手性胶体粒子的螺旋运动轨迹[66];(b) 超声场驱动金属微棒的多种运动模式[67]
Fig.8 Ultrasound field-driven kinematic behavior of swimmers. (a) Ultrasound field-driven helical trajectories of chiral colloidal particles[66];(b) Ultrasound field-driven multiple kinematic modes of metallic microrods[67]
图9 樟脑薄片的螺旋运动:(a) t = 9.5 s时间范围内樟脑薄片的运动轨迹图;(b) 樟脑薄片的顺时针旋转、逆时针旋转和平移运动[41]
Fig.9 Helical motion of camphor flakes.(a) Trajectory diagram of the motion of the camphor sheet at t = 9.5 s;(b) Clockwise rotation, counterclockwise rotation and translational motion of the camphor sheet[41]
图10 温度控制人工游泳体的运动轨迹转变,液晶滴(向列)在34 ℃的轨迹以实线示出,液晶滴(各向异性)在37 ℃的轨迹以虚线示出[71]
Fig.10 Temperature-controlled shifts in the trajectory of artificial swimmers. The trajectory of the liquid crystal droplet (nematic) at a temperature of 34 ℃ is shown as a solid line;the trajectory of the liquid crystal droplet (isotropic) at a temperature of 37 ℃ is shown as a dashed line[71]
图11 光诱导液滴的螺旋轨迹反转[72]
Fig.11 Light induced helical trajectory reversal of droplets[72]
图12 L型粒子的螺旋运动:(a) L+和L-粒子在1 min内的运动轨迹图[79];(b) 相同倾角,光照强度增大时L型粒子的实验轨迹[13]
Fig.12 Spiral motion of L-particles. (a) Plot of the trajectories of L+ and L- particles in 1 minute[79];(b) Experimental trajectories of L-particles at the same inclination angle with increasing light intensity[13]
图13 Janus粒子的运动:(a) 自扩散泳动驱动Janus粒子运动;(b, c) 自电泳驱动Janus粒子运动[85?~87]
Fig.13 Motion of Janus particles. (a) Self-diffusion swimming drives Janus particle motion;(b, c) Self-electrophoresis driven Janus particle motion[85?~87]
图14 螺旋波驱动BZ液滴的运动:(a) 实验图像;(b) 液滴质心的运动轨迹[90]
Fig.14 Spiral wave-driven BZ droplet motion. (a) Experimental image;(b) The trajectory of the droplet center[90]
图15 螺旋波驱动矩形PAAm BZ自振荡凝胶的螺旋运动:(a, b) BZ凝胶质心运动的实验轨迹;(c, d) BZ凝胶质心运动的模拟轨迹[102]
Fig.15 Spiral waves-driven helical motion of rectangular PAAm BZ self-oscillating gel. (a, b) Experimental trajectory;(c, d) Simulated trajectory[102]
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摘要

活性人工游泳体的螺旋运动