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化学进展 2023, Vol. 35 Issue (1): 168-176 DOI: 10.7536/PC220615 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

储能薄膜电容器介电高分子材料

王琦桐, 丁嘉乐, 赵丹莹, 张云鹤*(), 姜振华   

  1. 吉林大学化学学院 长春 130012
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-13 修回日期:2022-09-13 出版日期:2023-01-24 发布日期:2022-10-30
  • 作者简介:

    张云鹤 吉林大学化学学院教授,博士生导师,中国复合材料学会介电高分子复合材料与应用专业委员会常务委员。主要从事介电高分子的研究,先后主持国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、军工配套等各类科研项目30多项,获得国家发明专利授权30余项,在国内外学术期刊上发表学术论文100余篇。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51973080); 国家自然科学基金项目(92066104)
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Dielectric Polymer Materials for Energy Storage Film Capacitors

Qitong Wang, Jiale Ding, Danying Zhao, Yunhe Zhang(), Zhenhua Jiang   

  1. College of Chemistry, Jilin University,Changchun 130012, China
  • Received:2022-06-13 Revised:2022-09-13 Online:2023-01-24 Published:2022-10-30
  • Contact: *e-mail: zhangyunhe@jlu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973080); National Natural Science Foundation of China(92066104)

高功率密度、高充放电效率以及超长使用寿命等特点是聚合物薄膜电容器能够广泛应用于电动汽车、智能电网等各类电子电气领域中的重要原因。其中,介电高分子材料因其质轻、击穿强度高、易大规模加工等优点赋予了薄膜电容器更多的可能性。但同时,介电高分子的介电常数普遍较低,导致所制备的电容器能量密度偏低因而不能更好地适应设备小型化轻型化的要求。本文概述了电介质以及薄膜电容器的基本原理以及性能参数,着重介绍了以储能为主要研究方向的介电高分子材料,主要包括聚合物基纳米复合介电高分子、偶极玻璃聚合物、交联型介电高分子以及多组分全有机介电高分子。最后对介电高分子在制备性能优异的储能电容器过程中面临的多重挑战和潜在机遇进行了总结。

关键词： 聚合物, 电容器, 介电材料, 纳米复合材料

High power density, high charge-discharge efficiency, and long service life are important reasons why polymer film capacitors can be widely used in electric vehicles, smart grids and other electrical and electronic fields. Among them, dielectric polymer materials endow film capacitors with more possibilities due to their light weight, high breakdown strength, and easy large-scale processing. However, the low dielectric constant of dielectric polymers which results in the low energy density of the prepared capacitors, fails the material meeting the requirements of miniaturization and lightening of equipment. This paper summarizes the basic principles and performance parameters of dielectrics and film capacitors, and focuses on the introduction of dielectric polymer materials with energy storage as the main research direction, mainly including polymer-based nanocomposite dielectric polymers, dipole glass polymer materials, cross-linked dielectric polymers and multi-component all-organic dielectric polymers. Finally, we summarize the multiple challenges and potential opportunities faced by dielectric polymers in the process of fabricating energy storage capacitors with excellent performance.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Polymer-based nanocomposites

2.1 0D inorganic particle and its surface treatment

2.2 1D and 2D inorganic fillers and their orientations

3 Dipolar glass polymers

4 Cross-linked dielectric polymers

5 Multicomponent dielectric polymers

5.1 Multi-layered multicomponent dielectric polymers

5.2 Blends

6 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: polymer, capacitors, dielectric materials, nanocomposite
()
图1 类草莓结构BT-PDA-Ag杂化纳米粒子制备示意图[30]
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration for the preparation of strawberry-like BT-PDA-Ag hybrid nanoparticles[30]
图2 (a)PI纳米复合材料的介电性能,(b)PI击穿强度威布尔分布,(c)储能密度及充放电效率,(d)能量密度及充放电效率对比,(e)150℃时,分别添加不同含量Al2O3、HfO2、TiO2粒子的PI纳米复合材料在施加电场下的电流密度分布模拟图对比[43]
Fig. 2 (a) Dielectric constant and loss of the PI nanocomposites, and (b) Weibull breakdown strength, (c) discharged energy density and charge-discharge efficiency, (d) comparison of the discharged energy density and charge-discharge efficiency, (e) simulated current density distribution as a function of Al2O3, HfO2, and TiO2 filler content and the applied electric field at 150℃[43]
图3 (a,b)添加10 vol% 纳米粒子(NPs)复合材料的击穿路径模拟,(c,d)添加10 vol%纳米纤维的复合材料的击穿路径模拟, (e) 击穿体积相分数的演化规律[50]
Fig. 3 The breakdown simulation results of nanocomposites filled with 10 vol% (a, b) NPs and (c, d) NFs, and (e) the evolution of breakdown phase volume fraction[50]
图4 (a)与纯聚合物相比不同排布纳米复合材料的能量密度增量,(b)不同排布下的纳米复合材料的能量密度与充放电效率[55]
Fig. 4 (a) The enhancement of energy density over pure polymer matrix in nanocomposites with different configurations, (b) discharged energy density and efficiency for nanocomposites with different configurations[55]
图5 (a)SO2-PPO化学结构,(b)放电能量密度,(c)放电效率[65]
Fig. 5 (a) Chemical Structure of SO2-PPO. Bipolar D-E loops at varied temperatures of (b) discharge energy densities, (c) discharge efficiencies as a function of the poling field[65]
图6 联苯结构对聚合物的介电性能的影响示意图[68]
Fig. 6 Schematic illustration of the effect of biphenyl groups on the dielectric properties of polymers[68]
图7 (a)苯乙炔基封端PEI单体合成路线,10%PEPA-PEI在O2-320℃-2 h条件下(b)交联前及(c)交联后图片[74]
Fig. 7 (a) Synthetic route of the phenylethynyl-terminated PEI oligomers, The digital photos of (b) 10%PEPA-PEI and (c) c-10%PEPA-PEI films cured under O2-320℃-2 h[74]
图8 (a)不对称LTN结构以及其对介电储能参数的影响示意图,(b)双参数威布尔分布图,(c,d)施加电场下PEI、P(VDF-HFP)、PEI-P(VDF-HFP)双层膜结构以及不对称三层膜结构的放电能量密度Ud及(e)充放电效率η对比[81]
Fig. 8 (a) Schematic illustration of the dielectric energy-storage characteristics of the asymmetric LTN structure, (b) Two-parameter Weibull distribution plots, (c, d) discharged energy density Ud and (e) efficiency η of pure PEI, pure P(VDF-HFP), PEI-P(VDF-HFP) bilayer composite and asymmetric trilayer composites under varied electric fields[81]
图9 PNB-DxTy化学合成路线及偶极子形成机理示意图[85]
Fig. 9 Chemical synthetic route and dipole formation mechanism of PNB-DxTy[85]
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doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03295     URL    
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摘要

储能薄膜电容器介电高分子材料