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化学进展 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (11): 2476-2488 DOI: 10.7536/PC220321 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

光响应Janus粒子体系的构建与应用

郑明心, 谭臻至, 袁金颖*()   

  1. 清华大学化学系 有机光电子与分子工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-23 修回日期:2022-07-06 出版日期:2022-11-24 发布日期:2022-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 袁金颖
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22071131); 国家自然科学基金项目(21871162)
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Construction and Application of Photoresponsive Janus Particles

Mingxin Zheng, Zhenzhi Tan, Jinying Yuan()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2022-03-23 Revised:2022-07-06 Online:2022-11-24 Published:2022-07-15
  • Contact: Jinying Yuan
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071131); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21871162)

Janus粒子通常由两种或两种以上不同物理或化学性质的部分组成,其结构的不对称性导致了粒子形貌和性质具有不对称性。与“静态”Janus粒子相比,具有刺激响应性的“动态”Janus粒子能够与环境发生相互作用,在外界刺激下表达特殊功能。光响应Janus粒子是一类可以在光刺激下发生特定响应的Janus粒子,其两侧不同的组成不仅可以结合多种类型的光响应性,也能与其他类型的刺激响应进行配合,从而实现对特定体系的精确调控。由于光能易于调节的特性,光响应Janus粒子可以与无机纳米团簇或有机官能团产生特定反应,具有光热效应、色彩调节、光动力治疗等独特特性。它们还可以应用于药物递送、生物传感与成像、微纳米马达和光致发光等领域,为解决生物医学和光学器件相关的问题提供了新的方法。本文主要介绍光响应Janus粒子近期发展的制备方法,并着重阐述其独特调控机理以及其在生物医药、发光材料等领域的突出应用,最后对目前该领域的发展前景做出展望。

关键词： Janus粒子, 光响应性, 微纳米马达, 智能纳米材料, 药物递送, 生物传感, 光致发光, 光热效应

Janus particles are usually composed of parts with two or more different physical or chemical properties, and are characterized by structural asymmetry, which leads to asymmetries in particle morphology and physical properties. Compared with static Janus particles, dynamic Janus particles, which can realize stimuli-response, can interact with the environment well to express their special role in a specific environment under external stimulus. Photoresponsive Janus particles are asymmetric particles that can respond to specific light stimuli. Different materials on both sides of Janus particles can not only compound with different types of photoresponse, but also can compound with other types of stimuli-responses, to achieve precise regulation of specific systems. Because the energy of light can be easily regulated, photoresponsive Janus particles can produce specific reactions to inorganic nanoclusters or organic functional groups. So photoresponsive Janus particles can present photothermal effect, color adjustment, photodynamic therapy and other unique properties. They can also be applicated in drug delivery, biological sensing and imaging, micro nanomotors and photoluminescence, which provides a new way to solve problems in the field of biomedicine and optical devices. In this paper, the recent development of preparation methods of inorganic and polymeric photoresponsive Janus particles are introduced, and their unique regulatory mechanism and outstanding applications in the fields of biomedicine and luminescent materials are emphasized. Finally, the challenges and development prospects in this field are discussed.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Preparation of photoresponsive Janus particles

2.1 Preparation of inorganic photoresponsive Janus particles

2.2 Preparation of polymeric photoresponsive Janus particles

2.3 Preparation of hybrid photoresponsive Janus particles

3 Regulation of photoresponsive Janus particles

3.1 Structure regulation

3.2 Performance regulation

3.3 Other regulation

4 Application of photoresponsive Janus particles

4.1 Drug delivery

4.2 Biosensing and imaging

4.3 Micro/nano-motor

4.4 Photoluminescence

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: Janus particles, photoresponse, micro/nano-motor, smart nanomaterials, drug delivery, biosensing, photoluminescence, photothermal effect
()
图1 (a)交联两亲嵌段共聚物溶液自组装形成Janus粒子方法[33]。(b)三嵌段[34]和(c)两种两嵌段两亲性共聚物形成Janus粒子[35]
Fig. 1 (a) Self-assembly of crosslinking amphiphilic block copolymer to form Janus particles. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society[33]. (b) Triblock[34] and (c) two diblock amphiphilic copolymers to form Janus particles[35]. Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society
图2 (a)基于PAZO-ADMA的光致形变Janus粒子的合成。(b)~(d)在不同光极化下光致形变Janus粒子的形变方向和程度[44]
Fig.2 (a)Synthesis of photodeformed Janus particles based on PAZO-ADMA. (b)-(d) Direction and degree of photodeformation of Janus particles under different optical polarization[44]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society
图3 (a)紫外光下和(b)可见光下PMAAz光致形变Janus粒子的形貌;(c)PMAAz Janus粒子各嵌段组成;(d)PMAAz Janus粒子紫外-可见形变机制[47]
Fig.3 Morphology of PMAAz photodeformed Janus particles under (a) ultraviolet light and (b) visible light. (c) Composition of the PMAAz Janus particles in each segment. (d) UV-visible deformation mechanism of PMAAz Janus particles[47]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society
图4 B-L结构Janus粒子由于其两侧不对称的结构特征可反射不同波长的光:(a)B-L Janus粒子合成路线示意图;(b)B-L层的SEM显微图;(c),(d)不同PEO-b-PCL含量的B-L Janus粒子的显色图像[54]
Fig.4 The B-L structure Janus particles can reflect different wavelengths of light due to their asymmetric structure. (a) B-L Janus particle synthesis route. (b) SEM micrograph of B-L layer. (c), (d) Different color patterns of B-L Janus particles with different PEO-b-PCL contents[54]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH
图5 FA-PEG-MNS Janus粒子治疗癌症的机理和其形貌[62]
Fig.5 Mechanism and morphology of FA-PEG-MNS Janus particles in cancer therapy[62]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society
图6 UCNPs与PCN-224(Fe)结合的核-壳-壳Janus粒子的癌症治疗机理[67]
Fig.6 Cancer therapeutic mechanisms of UCNPs and PCN-224(Fe) core-shell-shell Janus particles[67]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society
图7 (a~c)MPCM-JMSNM 制备流程、作用机理及粒子形貌[75];(d~f)掺杂Gd(Ⅲ)的Au Janus粒子结构和癌细胞杀伤机制[76]
Fig.7 (a~c) The preparation process, action mechanism and particle morphology of MPCM-JMSNM[75]. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH. (d~f) The structure and cancer cell killing mechanism of Au Janus particle doped with Gd(Ⅲ)[76]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH
图8 Au-WO3@C Janus粒子制备路线及催化染料分解机理[79]
Fig.8 Preparation route of Au-WO3@C Janus particle and catalytic decomposition mechanism of dyes[79]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society
图9 (a,b)Ag2S-ZnS 光致发光Janus粒子[85];(c~e)利用帽状SiO2稳定CsPbBr3光致发光Janus粒子的制备及形貌特征[87]。
Fig.9 (a,b) Ag2S-ZnS photoluminescent Janus particles[85]. Copyright 2011, Wiley-VCH. (c~e) Preparation and morphology of CsPbBr3 photoluminescent Janus particles stabilized by Cap-like SiO2[87]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.
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