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化学进展 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (6): 1290-1297 DOI: 10.7536/PC210839 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

石墨基液流电池复合双极板

蒋峰景*(), 宋涵晨   

  1. 上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院 上海 200240
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-23 修回日期:2021-11-10 出版日期:2022-04-01 发布日期:2022-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 蒋峰景
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Graphite-based Composite Bipolar Plates for Flow Batteries

Fengjing Jiang(), Hanchen Song   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240, China
  • Received:2021-08-23 Revised:2021-11-10 Online:2022-04-01 Published:2022-04-01
  • Contact: Fengjing Jiang

液流电池是一种安全性高、使用寿命长、可扩展的大规模储能系统,可以协助电网调峰储能,提高能源利用率,发展前景广阔。双极板是液流电池的重要组成部分。功能上起到了分隔、串联电池、传导电流、为电堆提供结构支撑等作用。从成本构成角度看,双极板的价格占电堆成本的比重也较大。开发高性能、低成本的双极板对加快液流电池的商业化应用具有重要意义,也是目前业界的迫切需求。虽然文献上报道了许多针对液流电池双极板开发的工作,但是目前高性能、低成本的液流电池双极板产品仍无法充分满足市场需求。本文着重介绍了石墨基复合双极板的研究现状,介绍了材料选择、工艺流程对关键性能的影响,对相关工作进行了评述,并为液流电池双极板的开发提出了建议。

关键词： 双极板, 液流电池, 碳材料, 碳聚合物复合材料

Flow battery is considered a promising technology for large-scale energy storage, because of its high safety, long service life, and scalability. It can assist the power grid in peak shaving and energy storage, which will help to improve the energy utilization. Bipolar plate is a key component in a flow battery, which can separate single cells, connect the adjacent electrodes in series, help to conduct electric current and provide structural support for the stack. However, the cost of bipolar plate accounts for a big proportion of the total stack cost. It is of great significance to develop high-performance and low-cost bipolar plates, which will significantly accelerate the commercialization of flow batteries. Thus, its development has become an urgent need in the flow battery industry. Although much work related to the development of bipolar plates has been carried out, there is still lack of ideal bipolar plate products in the market, taking both their performance and cost into consideration. This article focuses on the introduction of current research status on graphite-based composite bipolar plates for flow batteries and the influence of material selection and processing techniques on the performance of bipolar plates, including electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, barrier properties, and corrosion resistance. Based on the review, some suggestions are made for the further developments of bipolar plates for flow batteries.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Key performance and requirements of graphite-based composite bipolar plates

2.1 Electrical conductivity

2.2 Mechanical strength

2.3 Barrier properties

2.4 Corrosion resistance

2.5 Economical requirements

3 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: bipolar plate, flow battery, carbon materials, carbon polymer composites
()
图1 接触电阻测试方法示意图[1]
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of contact resistance test[1]
表1 液流电池复合双极板的导电性能
Table 1 Electrical properties of composite bipolar plates for flow batteries
No. Reference Material Fabrication Method Resistivity/(mΩ·cm) Area specific
resistance/
(mΩ·cm2)		 Testing pressure/
(MPa)
1 Lee et al. (2012)[41] graphite, carbon black, epoxy resin compression molding ~33.3 - -
2 Kim et al. (2014)[33] carbon felt, expanded graphite foils, epoxy resin hot press method - ~147 -
3 Park et al. (2014)[14] Natural graphite flake, Ketjenblack carbon, epoxy resin compression molding 8.8 - -
4 Lee et al. (2015)[35] unidirectional carbon/epoxy prepreg compression molding,
surface treatment		 - 18 1.38
5 Satola et al. (2016)[42] graphite, polypropylene injection molding 29.5 - -
6 Yang et al. (2017)[43] carbon felt, polyethylene (PE) compression molding 3.13 - -
7 Nam et al. (2017)[44] plane weave carbon fiber fabrics, nano-size carbon black,
fluoroelastomer		 compression molding - 143~156 0.05
8 Lee et al. (2018)[37] unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy
prepreg		 compression molding,
surface treatment		 - 210 0.05
9 Liao et al. (2020)[20] graphene, carbon fiber, graphite powder, polyethylene hot press method, coating treatment 2.4 5 -
10 Jiang et al. (2021)[22] graphite, expanded graphite powder, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) compression molding,
surface treatment		 5 25.4 -
表2 液流电池复合双极板的机械性能
Table 2 Mechanical properties of composite bipolar plates for flow batteries
No. Reference Material Fabrication Method Flexural strength/(MPa) Tensile strength/
(MPa)
1 Park et al. (2014)[14] natural graphite flake, ketjenblack carbon, epoxy resin compression molding 26 -
2 Caglar et al. (2014)[59] synthetic graphite, carbon nanotube, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) injection molding ~75 -
3 Lee et al. (2017)[60] non-woven carbon felt, film type epoxy adhesive compression molding - 79.3
4 Yang et al. (2017)[43] carbon felt, polyethylene (PE) compression molding - 18.56
5 Nam et al. (2017)[44] plane weave carbon fiber fabrics, nano-size carbon black, fluoroelastomer compression molding - 308~358
6 Lee et al. (2018)[37] unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg compression molding,
surface treatment		 - 471
7 Liao et al. (2019)[23] graphite powder, graphene, epoxy resin hot press method 48.1 -
图2 全钒液流电池与铁钒液流电池中双极板成本在总成本中的比重[72]
Fig. 2 Proportion of the cost of BP in the total cost of all-vanadium redox flow battery and Fe-V flow battery[72]
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摘要

石墨基液流电池复合双极板