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化学进展 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (9): 1550-1559 DOI: 10.7536/PC200827 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

手性药物的对映体选择性释放

宋路杰1,3, 吴友平1,3,*(), 邓建平2,3,*()   

  1. 1 北京化工大学有机-无机复合材料国家重点实验室 北京 100029
    2 北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室 北京 100029
    3 北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-17 修回日期:2020-10-08 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2020-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 吴友平, 邓建平
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(21774009); 国家自然科学基金项目(51973011); 国家自然科学基金项目(21474007); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(XK1802-02)
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Enantioselective Release of Chiral Drugs

Lujie Song1,3, Youping Wu1,3(), Jianping Deng2,3()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029, China
    3 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2020-08-17 Revised:2020-10-08 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2020-12-28
  • Contact: Youping Wu, Jianping Deng
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21774009); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973011); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21474007); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XK1802-02)

手性和手性物质的重要性已不言而喻,手性药物的开发也已成为主要发展趋势,但目前仍有部分手性药物以消旋体的形式出售和使用。如何合理、有效地使用这些消旋体药物,一直是值得深入研究的课题。对映体选择性释放将手性拆分和控释两个概念结合于一体,有望为消旋体药物的使用提供新的途径。基于本课题组的研究,本文综述了近年来对映体选择性释放研究领域所取得的主要进展。为便于讨论,本文根据构成药物控释载体的手性分子或结构(手性因素),将手性药物释放体系分为有机材料(水凝胶和粒子等)、无机材料和分子印迹材料等控释体系。关于对映体选择性释放以及释放过程中的对映选择性作用的研究,可进一步提升我们对于手性、手性物质和手性作用的认识。

关键词： 手性药物, 手性载体, 对映体选择性释放, 消旋体

The importance of chirality and chiral compounds has been widely recognized. The proportion of chiral drugs increases continuously and rapidly. However, some chiral drugs are still marketed and used in racemic form. How to appropriately and effectively use racemic drugs accordingly becomes a subject of high importance in both academic research and practical applications. ‘Enantioselective release' strategy combines two separate processes in a single one, that is, ‘chiral separation' and ‘controlled release', providing alternative routes for the use of racemic drugs. Up to date, striking advancements have been made in this research area. The review paper summarizes the representative advancements made in recent years. Herein, according to the major materials constituting the chiral releasing carriers, chiral drug releasing systems are classified into three groups: (1) organic materials (hydrogels, particles, etc.), (2) inorganic materials and (3) molecularly imprinted materials based releasing systems. The investigations dealing with enantioselective release and enantioselectivity effects are anticipated to enhance our understanding about the mysterious chiral world.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Chiral organic material-based releasing systems

2.1 Hydrogels

2.2 Particles

2.3 Self-assembled carriers

2.4 Other chiral carriers

3 Chiral inorganic material-based releasing systems

3.1 Silica particles

3.2 Polymers/silica hybrid particles

4 Molecularly imprinted material-based releasing systems

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: chiral drugs, chiral carriers, enantio-selective release, racemate
()
图1 L-和D-脯氨酸的时间-释放曲线:(A) L-脯氨酸和D-脯氨酸分别释放;L-和D-脯氨酸在(B)分别释放/(C)同时释放时的差异;(D)两种情况下L-和D-脯氨酸释放差异的比较[24]
Fig.1 Time-release profiles of L- and D-proline: L- and D-proline separately released (A); The difference between L- and D-proline when (B) released separately/(C) released simultaneously; (D) A comparison of the difference between L- and D-proline released in the two modes[24]
图2 两种螺旋聚合物构筑手性粒子及其对映选择性释放[44]
Fig.2 Preparation of chiral particles with two helical polymers and the process of enantioselective release[44]
图3 (+)-辛可宁和(-)-辛可尼丁在(a)Spin-MPs 和(b)SpHe-MPs中的释放曲线图[54]
Fig.3 Drug release curves of (+)-cinchonine and (-)-cinchonidine in (a) Spin-MPS and (b) Sphe-MPS[54]
图4 含席夫碱结构的手性粒子的制备及香茅醛的释放过程[40]
Fig.4 Preparation of chiral particles containing Schiff base and release of citronellal[40]
图5 肽链分子结构及可逆自组装形成囊泡[61]
Fig.5 Peptide molecular structure and reversibly self-assembled vesicles[61]
图6 polyHIPEs的制备与药物控释过程[65]
Fig.6 Preparation of and controlled release from polyHIPEs[65]
图7 CMS协同自组装形成示意图[80]
Fig.7 Schematic illustration for cooperative self-assembly formation of CMS[80]
图8 分子印迹聚合物(MIP)材料制备示意图[94]
Fig.8 Schematic illustration for preparing MIP materials[94]
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摘要

手性药物的对映体选择性释放