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化学进展 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (8): 1049-1059 DOI: 10.7536/PC200552 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

从固体化学到凝聚态化学

荆西平1,*()   

  1. 1. 北京大学化学与分子工程学院 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-09 修回日期:2020-05-08 出版日期:2020-08-24 发布日期:2020-06-03
  • 通讯作者: 荆西平
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From Solid State Chemistry to Condensed Matter Chemistry

Xiping Jing1,*()   

  1. 1. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2020-04-09 Revised:2020-05-08 Online:2020-08-24 Published:2020-06-03
  • Contact: Xiping Jing
  • About author:
    * e-mail:

“凝聚态化学”是化学学科一个新的发展领域,其基本思想是超越分子和理想晶体的界限,多层次地研究物质的组成、结构、性质、制备以及它们之间的关系。本文简要回顾了从固体物理到凝聚态物理的历史以及固体化学的发展历史,分析了固体化学的学科特点,指出固体化学的发展必然孕育着“凝聚态化学”的形成,同时指出,化学学科中的多个领域也都会将“凝聚态化学”作为自己的发展方向。建议了从固体化学向“凝聚态化学”发展的途径:完善固体化学学科的知识体系,拓展固体化学的知识范围,创造“凝聚态化学”的标志性成果。最后强调,与凝聚态物理学家密切合作,共建“凝聚态科学”大厦。

关键词： 固体物理, 固体化学, 凝聚态物理, 凝聚态化学, 凝聚态科学

"The condensed matter chemistry" is a new research area in chemistry, the basic idea of which is to study the compositions, structures, properties, preparations and their relationships of matters in multilevels beyond the limitations of molecules and perfect crystals. Based on the brief reviews of the history from the solid state physics to the condensed physics and the history of the solid state chemistry, as well as on the analysis of feature of the solid state of chemistry, it is pointed out that the development of the solid state chemistry must lead to the establishment of "the condensed matter chemistry", and it is referred that many other areas in chemistry would also take "the condensed matter chemistry" as their development direction. The development path for "the condensed matter chemistry" is suggested: completing the knowledge system of the solid state chemistry, expanding the knowledge scope of the solid state chemistry and creating the landmark achievements of "the condensed matter chemistry". It is finally stressed that the condensed matter chemists should reinforce the cooperation with the condensed matter physicists and co-build "the condensed matter science" mansion.

Contents

===1 Introduction

===2 Development of solid state physics and the new contributions of condensed matter physics

===3 Formation and development of the solid state chemistry

===4 The development of the solid state chemistry gives birth to condensed matter chemistry

===5 How to develop condensed matter chemistry

===5.1 Perfecting the knowledge system of the solid state chemistry and establishing a solid foundation for its expansion to “condensed matter chemistry”

===5.2 Expanding the knowledge scope of the solid state chemistry and promoting its evolution to “condensed matter chemistry”

===5.3 Carrying out researches on some selected important subjects with the remarkable characters of “condensed matter chemistry” and creating significant achievements as the landmarks for the formation of “condensed matter chemistry”

===6 Reinforcing the cooperation with the condensed matter physicists and promote the formation of “condensed matter sciences”

Key words: solid state physics, solid state chemistry, condensed matter physics, condensed matter chemistry, condensed matter science
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表1 材料的组成、结构和性能的含义
Table 1 Meanings of the compositions, structures and properties
Items Meaning Ⅰ Meaning Ⅱ
Compositions Element contents Phases, defects and so on
StructuresGeneral physical and
chemical properties
(density, melting
point, stability, etc.)		 Molecular and
crystal structuresApplication related
properties(optical,
electrical, magnetic,
mechanical properties, etc.)		 Microstructures
(nm ~ mm)Properties
图1 包含Eutectoid point(E')和 Peritectoid point(P') 的示意相图
Fig.1 Schematic phase diagram containing Eutectoid point(E') and Peritectoid point(P')
图2 La1-xCaxMnO3体系的相图 CS:倾斜自旋;PM:顺磁性;FM:铁磁性;AFM:反铁磁性;I:绝缘体;M:金属
Fig.2 Phase diagram of the La1-xCaxMnO3 system CS: canted-spin; PM: paramagnetism; FM: ferromagnetism; AFM: antiferromagnetism; I: insulator; M: metal
图3 铜系氧化物高温超导体的相图 AF:反铁磁体;SC:超导体
Fig.3 Phase diagram of the cuprate high temperature superconductor AF: antiferromagnetism; SC: superconductor
图4 (1-x)BaTiO3-xLaTiO3体系中,晶胞参数及c/a比随x的变化
Fig.4 Unit cell parameters and c/a ratio vs. x for the (1-x)BaTiO3-xLaTiO3 system(x< 0.08)
图5 YBa2Cu3O6+x超导材料中晶胞参数随氧含量的变化
Fig.5 Unit cell parameters vs. x for the YBa2Cu3O6+x superconductor
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摘要

从固体化学到凝聚态化学