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化学进展 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (9): 1241-1251 DOI: 10.7536/PC200522   后一篇

• 综述 •

新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的检测和诊断

黄炎1, 刘国东2,**, 张学记3,**   

  1. 1. 北京科技大学 化学与生物工程学院 生物工程与传感技术北京市重点实验室 北京 100083
    2. 安徽科技学院 生命与健康科学学院 凤阳 233100
    3. 深圳大学 生物医学工程学院 深圳 518060
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-12 修回日期:2020-06-08 出版日期:2020-09-24 发布日期:2020-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 刘国东, 张学记
  • 作者简介:
    ** Corresponding author e-mail: (Guodong Liu); (Xueji Zhang)
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金项目(21890740, 21890742, 21727815); 中央高校基本科研业务费(FRF-TP-18-020A1,FRF-BD-20-14A); 中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2018M631332); 安徽省自然科学基金项目(1908085MB54); 安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202004a07020018); 安徽省教育厅重大项目(KJ2019ZD58); 安徽省皖江学者计划资助()
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Detection and Diagnosis of COVID-19

Yan Huang1, Guodong Liu2,**, Xueji Zhang3,**   

  1. 1. Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    2. College of Life and Healthy Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
    3. School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
  • Received:2020-05-12 Revised:2020-06-08 Online:2020-09-24 Published:2020-06-15
  • Contact: Guodong Liu, Xueji Zhang
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21890740, 21890742, 21727815); the Basic Research Business Fund of Central Universities(FRF-TP-18-020A1,FRF-BD-20-14A); the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M631332); the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(1908085MB54); the Key Research and Development Projects of Anhui Province(202004a07020018); the Major Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(KJ2019ZD58); the Wanjiang Scholar Award of Anhui Province()

2019年12月以来席卷全球的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)肺炎是一种高传染性疾病,给全球社会、经济和生活带来了巨大的负面影响,严重威胁人类的生命安全。由于尚无用于COVID-19的特定药物或疫苗,快速及时的检测和诊断对于控制疫情至关重要。本文介绍了目前检测COVID-19的方法,主要比较了CT检测、核酸检测和抗体检测在检测COVID-19中各自发挥的作用,总结了各种方法的优势和不足之处,综述了各种方法的最新研究进展。病毒分离是检测病毒感染的黄金标准,但是要求严格的条件,这些条件多数实验室和医院无法满足。CT检查可以直接看到症状,但是存在特异性低的局限;核酸检测能提供直接的证据,是当前检测新型冠状病毒的主要方法,但是存在假阳性;抗体检测能提供非直接的证据,适于进行筛查工作,但是其无法用于感染的早期诊断且可能得到假阳性或假阴性结果。本文提出了联合使用和综合判读可以从技术和时间差上互补,并对未来的发展趋势和研究重点进行了展望。

关键词： 新型冠状病毒, 病毒分离测序, CT检测, 核酸检测, 抗体检测

The novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19) is a highly contagious pneumonia that has swept the world since December 2019. It has a huge negative impact on the global society, economy and life, which also seriously threatens people’s lives. Since there are no specific drugs or vaccines against COVID-19, rapid and timely detection and diagnosis are essential for controlling the epidemic. This article reviews the current detection methods for COVID-19. It mainly compares the function of computed tomography-based, nucleic acid-based and antibody-based methods for the detection of COVID-19, summarizes the advantages and weaknesses, and reviews recent research progress. Virus isolation is the gold standard for detecting viral infections but requires strict conditions that most laboratories and hospitals cannot reach; CT examination allow us directly see the symptoms but with a limitation of low specificity; nucleic acid testing provides direct evidence and is currently the main method for COVID-19 but have a false-negative rate; antibody testing is indirect evidence and adapt to carry out screening work, but it cannot be used in the early stage of infection and may get false-positive and false-negative results. Joint use and comprehensive interpretation are proposed to be complementary in terms of technology and time difference, which will play an important role in identifying patients, monitoring disease progress and investigating epidemiology. The future development, research priorities and challenges are addressed.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Virus isolation and sequencing

3 Computed tomography

4 Nucleic acid detection

5 Antibody detection

6 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19), virus isolation and sequencing, computed tomography examination, nucleic acid detection, antibody detection
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图1 美国第一例COVID-19病例分离株的透射电子显微镜图,蓝色球状物为病毒颗粒[22]
Fig.1 Transmission electron microscopic image of an isolate from the first U.S. case of COVID-19. The spherical viral particles was colorized blue[22]
图2 COVID-19患者CT成像中各种毛玻璃样混浊(GGO)的组合图像[50]
Fig.2 Various combinations of GGO on early CT imaging GGO [50]
图3 RT-PCR检测SARS-CoV-2对于不同临床样本的准确率[68]
Fig.3 Number of samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR/total number of samples in aggregated studies(%)[68]
图4 基于核酸的双重功能等离子光热生物传感器用于高精度检测SARS-CoV-2[80]
Fig.4 Dual-functional plasmonic photothermal biosensors for highly accurate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection[80]
图5 基于抗体和场效应晶体管的生物传感器快速检测人鼻咽拭子样本中的COVID-19致病病毒SARS-CoV-2[91]
Fig.5 Rapid detection of COVID-19 causative virus(SARS-CoV-2) in human nasopharyngeal swab specimens using field-effect transistor-based biosensor[91]
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