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化学进展 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (8): 1128-1139 DOI: 10.7536/PC200432 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

纳米材料对生物凝聚态的调控

蒋乔1, 徐雪卉1, 丁宝全1,**()   

  1. 1. 国家纳米科学中心 中国科学院纳米科学卓越创新中心 中国科学院纳米系统与多级次制造重点实验室 北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-25 修回日期:2020-03-09 出版日期:2020-08-24 发布日期:2020-04-23
  • 通讯作者: 丁宝全
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31700871)
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Regulation of Condensed States of Biological Macromolecules by Rationally Designed Nanomaterials

Qiao Jiang1, Xuehui Xu1, Baoquan Ding1,**()   

  1. 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2020-02-25 Revised:2020-03-09 Online:2020-08-24 Published:2020-04-23
  • Contact: Baoquan Ding
  • About author:
    ** e-mail:
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700871)

生物大分子的凝聚态及其动态变化过程涉及许多重要的生理及病理过程,如凝血现象与阿尔茨海默病。对上述生物凝聚态过程进行研究,发展对这些凝聚态过程的调控方法,进而发展相应的疾病诊断治疗新策略,具有非常重大的意义。纳米技术基于原子或分子组装可构建出新型的纳米功能器件或具有新颖生物效应的纳米材料,为解决生物医学领域的重大问题提供了强有力的研究手段。利用一系列的纳米材料可以发展对生物凝聚态的调控新方法,通过控制肿瘤血管凝血和制备纳米抗凝剂等实现对于凝血过程的调控,通过识别、结合、调控淀粉样蛋白及其聚集状态,实现阿尔茨海默病的诊断与治疗。对于生物凝聚态及其调控进行详细的研究,有望为开发新一代纳米药物提供新思路与新途径。

关键词： 纳米材料, 生物大分子, 凝聚态, 凝血, 阿尔茨海默病

The condensed states of biological macromolecules and their dynamic changes are related to many important physiological and pathological processes, such as coagulation and Alzheimer’s disease. Study of these processes is essential for patients with coagulation-associated diseases or Alzheimer’s disease. The development of effective regulating agents capable of interacting with such biomolecules has been suggested as a solution for diagnosis and therapy. The application of nanotechnology to medicine enable the design and fabrication of novel functional nanomaterials for disease treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent successful efforts to employ functional nanomaterials for regulating coagulation(triggering tumor vessel occlusion or fabricating nanoanticoagulants) and altering the aggregation and clearance of amyloid-β(Aβ). The remaining challenges and open opportunities are also discussed.

Contents

1 Physiological and pathological phenomenon of biomacromolecule aggregation

1.1 Blood coagulation

1.2 Alzheimer’s disease(AD)

2 Nanomaterials

2.1 Gold nanoparticles

2.2 Polymeric nanoparticles

2.3 DNA/RNA nanostructures

2.4 Peptide-based nanomaterials

3 Regulation of condensed states of biological macromolecules by nanomaterials

3.1 Nanomaterials for tumor infarction and therapy

3.2 Nano-anticoagulants

3.3 Nanomaterials for AD diagnosis and therapy

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: nanomaterials, biological macromolecules, condensed states, coagulation, Alzheimer’s disease
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图1 凝血现象及其动态过程
Fig.1 Coagulation process
图2 淀粉样蛋白假说
Fig.2 The amyloid hypothesis
图3 DNA分子机器用于负载凝血酶即活体肿瘤治疗[29]
Fig.3 Design of thrombin-functionalized DNA nanorobot[29]. Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group
图4 纳米抗凝剂。(A)金纳米棒和磁珠为核心共组装的“闭环”核酸适配体结构[34]及(B)DNA适配体-高分子胶束[37]用于抗凝
Fig.4 Nano-anticoagulants.(A) Thrombin Inhibition by the MB/AuNRs-Closed-Loop Structure [34]. Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society.(B) Self-assembled DAPA-NPs and the thrombin inhibition[37]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society
图5 用于Aβ调控与清除的纳米材料。(A)酪蛋白包被的金纳米颗粒用于增强Aβ亲和作用[41]。(B)基于多肽的自组装纳米颗粒用于捕获和清除Aβ聚集[42]
Fig.5 Nanomaterials for Aβ regulation and clearance.(A) Enhanced binding of Aβ with βCas promoted by the AuNP substrate[41]. Copyright 2019, Nature Publishing Group.(B) Peptide nanoparticle captures Aβ by hydrogen-bonded co-assembly and internalizes a substantial amount into cells carrying Aβ[42]. Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group
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摘要

纳米材料对生物凝聚态的调控