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化学进展 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (9): 1376-1385 DOI: 10.7536/PC200115 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

光电催化海水分解制氢

张冀宁1, 曹爽2, 胡文平1,**(), 朴玲钰2,**()   

  1. 1. 天津大学理学院化学系 天津 300072
    2. 中国科学院纳米科学卓越创新中心 国家纳米科学中心 中国科学院纳米标准与检测重点实验室 北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-04 修回日期:2020-02-11 出版日期:2020-09-24 发布日期:2020-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 胡文平, 朴玲钰
  • 作者简介:
    ** Corresponding author e-mail: (Wenping Hu); (Lingyu Piao).
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金项目(21703046, 21972028); the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFF0203803)
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Hydrogen Production by Photoelectrocatalytic Seawater Splitting

Jining Zhang1, Shuang Cao2, Wenping Hu1,**(), Lingyu Piao2,**()   

  1. 1. Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
    2. CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2020-01-04 Revised:2020-02-11 Online:2020-09-24 Published:2020-06-30
  • Contact: Wenping Hu, Lingyu Piao
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21703046, 21972028); Foundation(2016YFF0203803)

自20世纪70年代以来,利用阳光将水分解,从而将太阳能转换为清洁可再生的氢气燃料成为人们关注的焦点。太阳能是取之不尽用之不竭的能源,而海水是地球上最丰富且易获取的自然资源,利用光电催化海水分解制氢成为目前解决实际能源问题和缓解淡水资源短缺的理想途径之一。本文总结了目前为止探索过光电催化分解海水制取氢气的研究工作,对研究内容和机理进行了梳理分析,并对光电催化海水制氢这一领域进行了展望。

关键词： 光电催化, 海水分解, 氢气, 光电极

Since the 1970s, the use of sunlight to split water to convert solar energy into clean and renewable hydrogen fuel has become the focus of attention. Solar energy is an inexhaustible energy, and seawater is the most abundant and readily available natural resource on the earth. The use of photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting to produce hydrogen has become one of the ideal ways to solve the actual energy problem and alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources. This review summarizes the research work that has been explored so far for hydrogen evolution by photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting, combs the research content and mechanisms, and prospects the field of photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Hydrogen production by photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting

2.1 Principle of photoelectrocatalysis

2.2 TiO2 systems

2.3 Other material systems

2.4 Understanding of photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting mechanisms

3 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: photoelectrocatalysis, seawater splitting, hydrogen, photoelectrode
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图1 光电催化工作原理模型图[13]
Fig.1 Photoelectrocatalytic working principle[13]
表1 TiO2体系光电催化分解海水文献总结[10,11,14~23]
Table 1 Literature summary of photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting in TiO2 system[10,11,14~23]
Photoanode Photocathode Electrolyte Bias Light source (intensity, wavelength) Photogenerated current density (mA·cm-2) Hydrogen evolution rate (μmol·cm-2·h-1) ref
TiO2@g-C3N4 nanorod arrays / natural seawater 1.23 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G 1.64 / 10
anatase TiO2 / natural seawater 0 36.2 mW·cm-2 sunlight 0.0947 1.6 11
/ p-Si/TiO2/NiO x simulated seawater -0.9 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G 20 27.5 14
/ Pt/TiO2 concentrated seawater solar cell (75±5.0) mW·cm-2 UV light / 277 15
PANI/GO/TiO2 ternary hybrid films / simulated seawater 0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl visible light 0.13 30.06 16
In2S3/Anatase/Rutile TiO2 dual-staggered-heterojunction nanodendrite array / simulated seawater 1.23 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G 1.57 / 17
TiO2 nanotube / concentrated seawater 2.0 V (74±3.4) mW·cm-2 UV light / 105 18
TiO2 nanotube / concentrated seawater 3.0 V (75±5.0) mW·cm-2 UV light / 270 19
Fe2O3/TiO2 / simulated seawater 1.23 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G 0.4 / 20
TiO2 nanotube / NaCl solution 1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl AM 1.5 G 2.6 / 21
TiO2 nanorod arrays / NaCl solution 0.5 V vs SEC AM 1.5 G 2.3 / 22
TiO2 nanotube / natural seawater 3.0 V (75±5.0) mW·cm-2 UV light / 215 23
图2 薄膜电极光电催化制氢机理[16]
Fig.2 Photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production mechanism of the thin film electrode band[16]
图3 “三系统”结构图[22]
Fig.3 Illustration of three-compartment-stack[22]
图4 In2S3/ANP/RND结构图[17]
Fig.4 Structure illustration of In2S3/ANP/RND[17]
表2 其他光电催化材料文献总结[6,25~32]
Table 2 Literature summary of photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting in other materials systems[6,25~32]
Photoanode Photocathode Electrolyte Bias Light source (intensity, wavelength) Photogenerated current density (mA·cm-2) Hydrogen evolution rate (μmol·cm-2·h-1) ref
orthorhombic Ag8SnS6 / 0.5 M NaCl solution 1.23 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G 2.5 / 6
/ porous Co3O4 film natural seawater -0.96 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G 20 / 25
/ ReS2 nanosheet saturated NaCl solution -0.25 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G / 216 26
AlB2 / 0.7 M NaCl solution 0.5 V vs SHE AM 1.5 G 1 / 27
WO3/g-C3N4 nanosheet arrays / natural seawater 1.23 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G 0.73 / 28
α-Fe2O3/WO3 nanorod arrays / natural seawater 1.23 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G 1 / 29
AlGaN/GaN heteroepitaxial films / anode: NaCl solution,cathode: natural seawater 1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl 300 W Xe lamp / 95 30
Mo/BiVO4 / natural seawater 1.0 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G 2.16 / 31
BiVO4 -CoLa(OH) x / natural seawater 1.0 V vs RHE AM 1.5 G 0.6 / 32
图5 α-Fe2O3/WO3纳米棒簇作光阳极催化剂的光电催化电池的工作图[29]
Fig.5 Working diagram of photoelectrocatalytic cell with α-Fe2O3/WO3 nanorod arrays as photoanode catalyst[29]
图6 WO3/g-C3N4纳米片簇作光阳极催化剂的光电催化电池的工作图[28]
Fig.6 Working diagram of photoelectrocatalytic cell with WO3/g-C3N4 nanosheet arrays as photoanode catalyst[28]
图7 Ag8SnS6作光阳极催化剂的光电催化电池的工作图[6]
Fig.7 Working diagram of photoelectrocatalytic cell with Ag8SnS6 as photoanode catalyst[6]
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摘要

光电催化海水分解制氢