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化学进展 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (9): 1213-1220 DOI: 10.7536/PC190132 前一篇   后一篇

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可控核/壳结构聚合物电纺纤维的制备与应用

马亮, 时学娟, 张笑笑, 李莉莉**()   

  1. 吉林大学材料科学与工程学院 汽车材料教育部重点实验室 长春 130025
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-28 出版日期:2019-09-15 发布日期:2019-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 李莉莉
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(No.51103058)
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Preparation of the Controllable Core-Shell Structured Electrospun Polymer Fibers and Their Application

Liang Ma, Xuejuan Shi, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Lili Li**()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
  • Received:2019-01-28 Online:2019-09-15 Published:2019-07-02
  • Contact: Lili Li
  • About author:
    ** E-mail:
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51103058)

核/壳结构纳米纤维是一种兼具核层与壳层优异性能的功能化复合纤维, 通常具有优于核层和壳层自身的性能, 如可控的机械强度和较好的热传导系数等。其特殊的结构极大地提高了纤维的使用价值, 拓宽了纤维的应用领域, 因此, 核/壳结构纳米纤维成为纤维领域的研究热点之一。静电纺丝技术因其简单有效的特点, 近些年来在众多纳米纤维制备技术中一直备受关注, 制备结构和形貌可控的核/壳结构纤维的方法对于指导其在实际中的应用尤为重要。本文系统介绍了以静电纺丝技术制备核/壳结构纳米纤维的方法, 主要包括单喷头相分离法、同轴静电纺丝法、乳液静电纺丝法以及模板法, 重点讨论了影响核/壳结构的主要因素以及核/壳结构对纤维性能的影响。综述了近几年来国内外关于可控核/壳结构电纺纤维制备的研究新进展及其在药物缓释体系、组织工程支架、多功能敷料、污水处理材料、疏水性材料等领域的潜在应用价值。

关键词： 核/壳结构, 静电纺丝, 复合纳米纤维

Core-shell structured fiber, as a functional composite fiber, has the excellent properties of both core and shell layers. Its special structure and properties greatly broaden the application field of the fibers. Therefore, core-shell structured fiber has become a research hotspot. Electrospinning is an efficient and facile technique for the fabrication of polymer nanofibers, which has attracted much attention in recent years. The method for preparing core-shell structured fibers with controllable structure and morphology is especially useful for guiding its application. The preparation methods of core/shell nanofibers are presented in this review. The methods mainly include single nozzle through phase separation, coaxial electrospinning, emulsion electrospinning, and template method. The major factors for forming the core/shell structure and the effect on the properties of the fibers are discussed in detail. The new research progress of electrospinning core-shell structured fibers in recent years is summarized. The various potential applications in drug controlled release system, tissue engineering scaffold, multifunctional wound dressing, wastewater treatment material, superhydrophobic material, and other fields are also reviewed.

Key words: core-shell structure, electrospinning, composite nanofiber
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图1 静电纺丝设备[1]
Fig. 1 Electrospinning facility[1]
图2 核/壳结构示意图
Fig. 2 Core/shell nanofibers
图3 电场诱导相分离法装置图[6]
Fig. 3 Schematic representation of the electrospinning setup[6]
图4 水蒸气诱导相分离法装置图[8]
Fig. 4 Schematic of the core/shell nanofiber electrospinning setup[8]
图5 PAN/PVP核/壳结构纳米纤维TEM图像:(a) PAN∶PVP=2∶1;(b) PAN∶PVP=1∶1;(c) PAN∶PVP=1∶2;(d) PAN∶PVP=1∶1;(e) 无蒸气处理PAN∶PVP=1∶1[8]
Fig. 5 TEM images of PAN/PVP core/shell structure nanfibers:(a) PAN∶PVP=2∶1;(b) PAN∶PVP=1∶1;(c) PAN∶PVP=1∶2;(d) PAN∶PVP=1∶1;(e) PAN∶PVP=1∶1 without vapor[8]
图6 同轴静电纺丝操作:(a)同轴喷嘴;(b)核/壳液滴;(c)12.5 kV的电压下, 泰勒锥和同轴射流的形成[13]
Fig. 6 Coaxial electrospinning operation:(a) diagram of the coaxial nozzle;(b) core-sheath droplet without bias; and(c)Taylor cone and coaxial jet formation at 12.5 kV[13]
图7 纤维结构形成机制[34]
Fig. 7 The proposed mechanism for fiber structural formation[34]
图8 纤维结构和组成示意图[51]
Fig. 8 Schematic figure of core-shell fiber[51]
图9 PPFEMA涂覆PCL纤维的接触角, 从左到右依次为5个不同直径的样品的接触角[52]
Fig. 9 Contact angles for PPFEMA-coated PCL mats. From left to right in the inset are representative droplet images on five samples[52]
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