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化学进展 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (5): 643-653 DOI: 10.7536/PC180911 前一篇   后一篇

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表面活性剂在非极性有机溶剂中的自组装

赵剑曦**(), 顾攀攀, 曾慧, 邓生禄   

  1. 福州大学化学化工学院 胶体与界面化学研究所 福州 350108
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-08 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2019-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 赵剑曦
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(21473032)
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Self-Assembly of Surfactants in Non-Polar Organic Solvents

Jianxi Zhao**(), Panpan Gu, Hui Zeng, Shenglu Deng   

  1. Institute of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • Received:2018-09-08 Online:2019-05-15 Published:2019-05-30
  • Contact: Jianxi Zhao
  • About author:
    ** E-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21473032)

本文总结了表面活性剂在非极性有机溶剂中复杂反相聚集的研究进展。首先突破了表面活性剂在非极性溶剂(油)中溶解的难题,通过设计合成大头基的新表面活性剂,或引入合适添加剂使之与表面活性剂头基相互作用,由此增大头基有效尺寸,这些均能有效促进表面活性剂形成核-壳完整的聚集体,进而带动表面活性剂分散(溶解)在非极性溶剂中。基于聚集体带动溶解的思路,建立了制备表面活性剂/油均相溶液的直接溶解方法,讨论了制备方法的关键要素,它比文献常用的甲醇预溶解法方便且有效。列举了若干典型的表面活性剂/环己烷均相体系,以此评述了聚集体带动溶解的方法,也展现了丰富多样的反相聚集形貌,讨论了表面活性剂头基尺寸对聚集结构的影响。

关键词： 表面活性剂, 非极性有机溶剂, 直接溶解法, 反相复杂聚集

The progress in the study on complicated reverse aggregation of surfactants in non-polar organic solvents is reviewed. Firstly, the problem of surfactant dissolution in non-polar organic solvents(oils) is resolved. The inverted aggregates with full core-shell structure can be expected to form using synthesized new surfactants with a large headgroup or by introducing suitable additives to interact with the head of surfactant and increase the effective size of the head of surfactant. These steps of promoting aggregate formation drive the surfactants to disperse and dissolve in non-polar solvents. Based on this way, a one-step method of directly dissolving and preparing homogeneous solutions of surfactants in oils is developed and the key factors about this method are discussed. Comparatively, the direct dissolution method is more convenient and also more effective than the methanol dissolution method as reported in literature. Some typical homogeneous systems of surfactants in cyclohexane are exhibited and the dissolution method upon aggregate formation is reviewed. In these systems, the aggregates show varied morphologies. The effect of surfactant head size on aggregate morphology is also discussed.

Key words: surfactants, non-polar organic solvents, direct dissolution method, complicated reverse aggregation
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图1 Gemini表面活性剂12-Ph-12和G14-azo
Fig. 1 Gemini surfactants 12-Ph-12 and G14-azo
图2 卵磷脂/SDC(100/40 mmol·L-1)/环己烷体系的两种制备方法比较,样品(a、a')和(b、b')分别通过甲醇溶解法和直接溶解法制得
Fig. 2 Comparison between two preparation methods for the system of lecithin/SDC(100/40 mmol·L-1)/cyclohexane: Samples of(a,a') and (b,b') prepared by methanol dissolving method and directly dissolving method, respectively
图3 微量水促进C16En的POE链构型改变,进而形成反相囊泡[24]
Fig. 3 A trace amount of water induced the change of POE conformation,resulting in the formation of reverse vesicles[24]
图4 DETA与油酸羧基相互作用增大了头基有效尺寸,痕量水的加入增强了这一效应[22]
Fig. 4 DETA interacted with the carboxyl of OA to increase the head effective size,in which the addition of trace amounts of water strengthened this effect[22]
图5 G14-azo/CTAB光敏有机流体的光照胶束类型变化示意[21]
Fig. 5 A schematic for the transition of aggregate morphology under light irradiation for G14-azo/CTAB system[21]
图6 偶氮基在反相聚集体中反/顺构型转变的受限示意图[21]
Fig. 6 Schematic for the limit to the transition of trans- to cis-conformation in the inverted structure of an aggregate[21]
图7 芳香反离子与吡啶基相互作用增大了CPC头基有效尺寸,进而形成反相六方液晶
Fig. 7 Aromatic counterions interacted with the pyridinium group,which increased the effective size of CPC head and resulted in the formation of inverted hexagonal liquid crystalline mesophases
图8 等摩尔混合SDS/TAABr或SDS/BTMABr在环己烷中形成了I2或H2液晶亚相
Fig. 8 Equi-molar mixed SDS/TAABr or SDS/BTMABr in cyclohexane to form I2 or H2 LC mesophase
图9 季铵Gemini表面活性剂12-s-12
Fig. 9 Quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants
图10 Gemini表面活性剂联接链长度对形成聚集体结构的影响[29]
Fig. 10 Effect of spacer length of gemini surfactants on the structures of formed aggregates[29]
图11 12-s-12/盐在环己烷中形成的复杂反相聚集体[32]
Fig. 11 12-s-12/salt formed complex inverted aggregates in cyclohexane[32]
图12 水杨酸钠对12-s-12在环己烷中聚集的特殊盐效应机理[32]
Fig. 12 Mechanism of NaSal special effect on 12-s-12 aggregation in cyclohexane[32]
图13 SB-12/C12E4不同摩尔比混合分别形成了反相蠕虫胶束和反相囊泡[35]
Fig. 13 Reverse wormlike micelles and reverse vesicles formed by mixed SB-12 and C12E4 with different molar ratios,β[35]
图14 在环己烷中等摩尔SB-12/TEA混合形成了3D六方密堆积(hcp)的P63/mmc液晶
Fig. 14 3D hexagonal close-packing(hcp) P63/mmc liquid crystalline formed by equi-molar mixed SB-12/TEAB in cyclohexane
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