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化学进展 2018, Vol. 30 Issue (9): 1445-1454 DOI: 10.7536/PC180424 前一篇   后一篇

所属专题： 锂离子电池

• 综述 •

基于高温化学转化的废旧锂离子电池资源化技术

林娇1,2, 刘春伟2, 曹宏斌2, 李丽1*, 陈人杰1, 孙峙2*   

  1. 1. 北京理工大学材料学院 北京 100081;
    2. 中国科学院过程工程研究所环境技术与工程研究部 绿色过程与工程重点实验室 北京市过程污染控制工程技术研究中心 北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-12 修回日期:2018-05-26 出版日期:2018-09-15 发布日期:2018-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 李丽, 孙峙 E-mail:lily863@bit.edu.cn;sunzhi@ipe.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院重点项目（No.KFZD-SW-315）和北京市科委项目（No.Z171100002217028）资助
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Recovery of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries Based on High Temperature Chemical Conversion

Jiao Lin1,2, Chunwei Liu2, Hongbin Cao2, Li Li1*, Renjie Chen1, Zhi Sun2*   

  1. 1. School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2018-04-12 Revised:2018-05-26 Online:2018-09-15 Published:2018-06-28
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. KFZD-SW-315)and the Beijing Science and Technology Program (No. Z171100002217028).
鉴于废旧锂离子电池的环境危害性和资源化价值的双重属性，对其进行无害化处理并对其中的有价资源进行回收再利用具有十分重要的意义。目前电池资源化技术主要通过高温或常温条件下的化学转化实现。高温条件下，废旧锂离子电池中有价元素化学转化速率快、回收流程短、物料适应性强，易于实现工业应用，相关技术成为废旧锂离子电池资源化研究热点之一。本文基于物相化学转化方式的差异，系统分析了高温化学还原、熔盐化学焙烧以及短程材料再生等方法的物理化学机理、技术特征及研究现状，并对比了不同技术的优势和存在的问题。在此基础上，提出今后高温化学转化方法实现废旧锂离子电池资源化研究中需要考虑材料的短程清洁循环再生、深入研究其化学转化机理。基于绿色化学原理的工艺设计开发出低能耗、环境友好的资源化工艺路线，真正实现废旧锂离子电池的绿色处理和循环利用。
关键词： 锂离子电池, 高温化学转化, 物理化学机理, 回收处理, 资源化再生
Given the environmental risk and valuable metal containing nature of spent lithium-ion batteries, it is of great significance to harmlessly dispose of spent lithium-ion batteries and recycle the valuable resources therein. At present, the spent lithium-ion batteries recycling technology is realized mainly through enhanced chemical conversion under high temperature or normal temperature conditions. High temperature boosts the chemical conversion rate of valuable elements in the spent lithium-ion battery, results in a short flow and releases material dependence. Therefore, high temperature chemical conversion is easy to implement in industry, and the related technologies have become one of the hotspots for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries. Based on the chemical conversion differences of various phases, this study systematically analyzes and evaluates the physicochemical mechanisms, technical characteristics, and research status of high temperature chemical reduction, roasting with molten salt, and direct regeneration. The advantages and problems of various technologies are compared. Based on this, it is advised that the future research needs in-depth study of its chemical conversion mechanism and takes into account the short flow clean regeneration of materials. It is necessary to develop a low energy-consuming and environmentally-friendly approach to enable the green treatment and recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries based on the principle of green chemistry.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Pyrometallurgy recovery technology
2.1 High temperature reduction
2.2 Sulfation roasting
2.3 Direct regeneration
2.4 Discussion
3 Challenges and Prospects
4 Conclusion
Key words: lithium-ion battery, high temperature chemical conversion, physico-chemical mechanism, recycling, resource regeneration

中图分类号: 

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