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化学进展 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (1): 201-209 DOI: 10.7536/PC180415 前一篇   后一篇

所属专题： 锂离子电池

• 综述 •

锂离子电池硅纳米粒子/碳复合材料

李振杰, 钟杜, 张洁, 陈金伟**(), 王刚, 王瑞林**()   

  1. 四川大学材料科学与工程学院 成都 610065
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-08 修回日期:2018-06-21 出版日期:2019-01-15 发布日期:2018-12-07
  • 通讯作者: 陈金伟, 王瑞林
  • 基金资助:
    四川省重点研发项目(2017GZ0397); 成都市科技惠民项目资助(2015-HM01-00531-SF)
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Silicon Nanoparticles/Carbon Composites for Lithium-Ion Battery

Zhenjie Li, Du Zhong, Jie Zhang, Jinwei Chen**(), Gang Wang, Ruilin Wang**()   

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
  • Received:2018-04-08 Revised:2018-06-21 Online:2019-01-15 Published:2018-12-07
  • Contact: Jinwei Chen, Ruilin Wang
  • About author:
    ** Corresponding author e-mail: (Jinwei Chen);
    (Ruilin Wang)
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the Key R&D Project of Sichuan Province(No.2017GZ0397)(2017GZ0397); The Science and Technology Project of Chengdu City(2015-HM01-00531-SF)

硅由于其超高的理论比容量有望取代石墨成为下一代锂离子电池负极材料,但是硅在充放电过程中巨大的体积膨胀(~300%)会导致材料粉化从集流体上脱落,同时不断形成固相电解质层,造成不可逆容量损失,而材料纳米化和碳复合是解决这些问题的有效手段。本文介绍了硅在循环过程中容量衰减机理,并综述了硅纳米粒子与碳材料复合的最新进展,主要包括包覆型、核壳型以及嵌入型硅碳负极材料,并对核壳型与嵌入型做了重点探究,最后对硅纳米粒子/碳复合材料存在的问题进行分析并展望其研究前景。

关键词： 锂离子电池, 负极材料, 碳硅复合材料, 核壳结构, 嵌入结构

Silicon is expected to replace graphite as the next-generation anode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical specific capacity. But the huge volume expansion (~300%) of silicon during lithiation/delithiation process will cause active substance pulverization and loss contact with current collector, and continuous formation of solid electrolyte layer will further result in irreversible capacity fading. It has been demonstrated that nanocrystallization and carbon coating are effective ways to overcome these problems. In this paper, the mechanism of capacity fading of silicon is introduced, and the latest research on the synthesis of Si nanoparticles and carbon composites is reviewed, mainly including coating, core-shell and embeded silicon/carbon anode materials. The core-shell and embedded type are specifically reviewed. Finally the problems of the Si nanoparticles/carbon composites are analyzed and the prospects for research are prospected.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, anode material, silicon/carbon composites, core-shell structure, embedded type
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图1 硅电极的失效机理[20]
Fig.1 Failure mechanism of silicon electrode[20]
图2 硅断裂临界尺寸[21]
Fig.2 The critical dimension of silicon pulverization[21]
图3 nSi@rGS复合材料的制备[45]
Fig.3 The production of nSi@rGS composites[45]
图4 CVS纳米珠的制备[56]
Fig.4 The production of CVS nano beads[56]
图5 Si-MCS示意图[69]
Fig.5 Diagram of Si-MCS[69]
图6 Si-rGO/NCT复合材料的制备[81]
Fig.6 The production of Si-rGO/NCT composites[81]
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