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化学进展 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (1): 63-69 DOI: 10.7536/PC180407 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

微纳米马达在药物递送中的应用

苏沛锋, 吴鸿鑫, 陈永明, 彭飞*()   

  1. 中山大学材料科学与工程学院 聚合物复合材料及功能材料教育部重点实验室 广州 510275
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-04 修回日期:2018-12-07 出版日期:2019-01-15 发布日期:2018-12-07
  • 通讯作者: 彭飞
  • 基金资助:
    中山大学“百人计划”引进人才项目(29000-18831106); 广东省引进创新创业团队项目资助(2013S086)
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Micro/Nanomotors as Drug Delivery Agent

Peifeng Su, Hongxin Wu, Yongming Chen, Fei Peng*()   

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
  • Received:2018-04-04 Revised:2018-12-07 Online:2019-01-15 Published:2018-12-07
  • Contact: Fei Peng
  • About author:
    ** Corresponding author e-mail:
    † These authors contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Sun Yat-sen University Hundred Talents Plan(29000-18831106); The Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2013S086)

受到自然界中高效生物马达的启发,研究人员提出了人工微纳米马达的概念,即人工微纳米动力装置。目前,通过结合化学与其他交叉学科的先进技术,研究人员已制备出具有不同结构、驱动方式以及控制方式的人工微纳米马达。这些微纳米马达在传感、环境治理、生物医用等方面展现出广阔的应用前景。其中,药物递送是生物医用领域的重要方向。在这一方面,利用微纳米马达可以实现药物的有效递送,给癌症等疾病的治疗带来新的可能。本文将针对用于药物递送的微纳米马达的驱动机理、基本结构、运动控制这几个方面进行综述,首先介绍了马达的运动机理,其驱动机理可分为自场驱动和外场驱动;其次,分别介绍了可用于药物递送的微纳米马达的结构,主要包括聚合物囊泡、空心管、纳米线等;为了实现精准有效的药物递送,微纳米马达的可控运动非常重要,本文将具体阐述微纳米马达的开-关控制、方向控制和速度控制。最后,分析了药物递送微纳米马达的研究现状,并对本领域的未来方向进行了展望。

关键词： 微纳米马达, 药物递送, 驱动机理, 马达结构, 运动控制

Inspired by the highly efficient biological motors in nature, researchers proposed the concept of micro/nanomotors, or micro/nanoscale autonomously moving devices. Combining the technology of chemistry, physics and multidisciplines, various micro/nanomotors of different structures, motion mechanisms and control methods are fabricated. These micro/nanomotors demonstrate great promises in multiple fields including sensing, environment remediation, biomedicine, etc. One of the most important applications in biomedicine is drug delivery. The micro/nanomotors can achieve efficient drug delivery, shedding new light for conventional cancer therapy. In this review, we focus on micro/nanomotors for drug delivery and introduce their structures, mechanisms and control methods. The motion mechanisms(self field mechanism and external field mechanism) of micro/nanomotors will be covered. Motor structures(polymer vesicle, tube and nanowire) suitable for drug delivery will be introduced. For efficient targeted drug delivery, motion control is very important. The on-off control, direction control and velocity control will be discussed. Current bottlenecks are also summarized and possible future direction of the field is discussed.

Key words: micro/nanomotors, drug delivery, motion mechanism, motor structure, motion control
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图1 微纳米马达的驱动机理总结图
Fig.1 The motion mechanism of micro/nanomotors
图2 (a)PEG44-b-PS141纳米囊泡马达系统示意图[9];(b)包裹有多种生物酶的囊泡状纳米马达示意图[30];(c)纳米管状马达不同的运动轨道示意图[31];(d)具有超高比表面积的多孔金纳米线马达[32]
Fig.2 (a)Schematic representation of a light-guided nanomotor system using PEG44-b-PS141/naphthalocyanine(NC) and Pt nanoparticles(Pt-NPs)[9]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society; (b) Schematic representation of the assembly of the nanomotor with multiple enzymes entrapped inside the structure[30]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society; (c) Schematic of different nanotubes’ trajectories[31]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society; (d) Nanowire motors based on nanoporous gold segment[32]. Copyright 2014, John Wiley and Sons
图3 (a)Ag/Ni纳米线马达在磁场控制下向癌细胞递送药物过程示意图[36];(b)在电场作用下,Ni/Al/EGaIn马达运动方向可控[7]
Fig.3 (a)The drug delivery of Ag/Ni nanomotors towards cancer cells under magnetic field[36]. Copyright 2012, John Wiley and Sons; (b)The direction control of Ni/Al/EGaIn motor with an electrical field[7]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry
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微纳米马达在药物递送中的应用