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化学进展 2018, Vol. 30 Issue (11): 1681-1691 DOI: 10.7536/PC180216 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

锂硫电池中的石墨烯掺杂

杨蓉1*, 李兰1, 任冰2, 陈丹1, 陈利萍3, 燕映霖1   

  1. 1. 西安理工大学理学院 西安 710054;
    2. 陕西省应用物理化学研究所 西安 710061;
    3. 西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院 西安 710048
  • 收稿日期:2018-02-11 修回日期:2018-05-02 出版日期:2018-11-15 发布日期:2018-08-17
  • 通讯作者: 杨蓉,e-mail:yangrong@xaut.edu.cn E-mail:yangrong@xaut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家国际科技合作专项（No.2015DFR50350）、国家自然科学基金项目（No.21503166）、陕西省科技计划项目（No.2017GY-160）和陕西省自然科学基础研究计划（No.2017JQ5055）资助
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Doped-Graphene in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Rong Yang1*, Lan Li1, Bing Ren2, Dan Chen1, Liping Chen3, Yinglin Yan1   

  1. 1. School of Science, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710054, China;
    2. Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute(CNGC21);
    3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
  • Received:2018-02-11 Revised:2018-05-02 Online:2018-11-15 Published:2018-08-17
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the International Science Technology Cooperation Program of China(No. 2015DFR50350), the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 21503166), the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Province(No. 2017GY-160), and the Basic Research Plan of Natural Science Funded by Shaanxi Science and Technology Department(No. 2017JQ5055).
锂硫电池是以锂为负极，单质硫为正极的二次电池，具有高达1675 mA·h/g的比容量及2600 W·h/kg的比能量密度。理论上讲，相较于现有的锂离子电池，锂硫电池可使容量扩展5倍，这使其成为最有前景的锂离子电池。由于硫正极的绝缘性以及充放电过程中活性物质易溶于电解液，导致其可实现的能量密度远低于理论值。异原子掺杂石墨烯因具有优异的导电性，且对多硫化锂（LiPS）具有强的吸附作用而被广泛应用于锂硫电池，有效缓解了"穿梭效应"，提高了电池的循环稳定性。本文主要从单原子掺杂、双原子掺杂两方面综述了异原子（如N，P，S，B）掺杂石墨烯在锂硫电池领域的研究现状，详细分析了其应用于锂硫电池的作用机理，并从掺杂量、掺杂形式、掺杂位置等方面对电池性能的提升进行了梳理和展望。
关键词： 锂硫电池, 正极材料, 石墨烯, 掺杂
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is a kind of rechargeable batteries with lithium as negative electrode and sulfur as positive electrode. It has a high theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mA·h/g and a specific energy density of 2600 W·h/kg. Theoretically, Li-S batteries can boost capacity fivefold over the current lithium-ion batteries, enabling it as a candidate of the most promising lithium-ion batteries. Due to the insulativity of sulfur and the easy dissolution of sulfur as active material to form polysulfide ions as electrochemical reaction intermediate material in the electrolyte during the process of charging and discharging, the poor cycle stability and high self-discharge of Li-S batteries result in the realizable energy density achieved far below the theoretical value. In this review, we target heteroatom-doped graphene, which has been widely used in Li-S batteries because of its retained excellent conductivity of graphene as well as strong adsorption to lithium polysulfide(LiPS) derived from a certain amount of defects and active sites of doped graphene. The adsorption can effectively alleviate the "shuttle effect" in the charge and discharge process and improve the cycling stability and cycling rate performance of Li-S batteries. This paper reviews current research state of heteroatom-doped graphene(such as N, P, S, B) in the Li-S batteries in terms of single-atom doping and diatomic doping. The advantages and mechanism of nitrogen-doped, nitrogen-sulfur co-doped and other doped graphene applied to Li-S batteries are analyzed utterly. Finally, the effect of battery performance is classified based on doping amount, doping form, doping location, and so on. The development direction and prospect of heteroatom-doped graphene are also predicted and forecast.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Working principle of lithium-sulfur batteries
3 Monoatomic doping of graphene
3.1 Nitrogen-doped graphene
3.2 Boron-doped graphene
4 Diatom-doped graphene
4.1 Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene
4.2 Boron and nitrogen co-doped graphene
4.3 Other heteroatoms doped graphene
5 Conclusion and outlook
Key words: lithium-sulfur battery, cathode material, graphene, doping

中图分类号: 

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摘要

锂硫电池中的石墨烯掺杂