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化学进展 2018, Vol. 30 Issue (2/3): 225-242 DOI: 10.7536/PC170829 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

四氧化三铁基纳米材料制备及对放射性元素和重金属离子的去除

杨姗也1, 王祥学2, 陈中山1*, 李倩1, 韦犇犇1, 王祥科1*   

  1. 1. 华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院 北京 102206;
    2. 华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院 保定 071003
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-28 修回日期:2017-10-30 出版日期:2018-02-15 发布日期:2017-12-11
  • 通讯作者: 陈中山,zschen@ncepu.edu.cn;王祥科,xkwang@ncepu.edu.cn E-mail:zschen@ncepu.edu.cn;xkwang@ncepu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（No.21607042，21577032）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（No.2016MS02）资助
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Synthesis of Fe3O4-Based Nanomaterials and Their Application in the Removal of Radionuclides and Heavy Metal Ions

Shanye Yang1, Xiangxue Wang2, Zhongshan Chen1*, Qian Li1, Benben Wei1, Xiangke Wang1*   

  1. 1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
    2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
  • Received:2017-08-28 Revised:2017-10-30 Online:2018-02-15 Published:2017-12-11
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21607042, 21577032) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No. 2016MS02).
四氧化三铁（Fe3O4）纳米材料因比表面积大、功能基团多、活性强、便于磁性分离等优点，在吸附和分离放射性元素及重金属离子方面显示出了广阔的应用前景。然而，该材料也存在着易团聚、分散性差、化学稳定性差等局限性，这些缺点可通过表面功能化修饰得到大大改善。本文概括了四氧化三铁基纳米复合材料合成方法的特性、优越性和局限性，综述了水体放射性元素及重金属离子污染去除研究中的磁性纳米材料的类型，归纳总结并比较了功能性磁性纳米材料对不同种类的放射性元素及重金属离子的去除能力及优缺点，探讨了四氧化三铁基纳米材料在放射性元素和重金属离子污染去除中的应用并对其机理进行了分析，对功能化磁性纳米材料在去除放射性元素及重金属离子污染水体治理中的应用前景进行了展望。
关键词： 四氧化三铁, 磁性纳米材料, 放射性元素, 重金属离子, 污染治理
Nowadays, Fe3O4-based magnetic nanomaterials have shown broad prospects in multidisciplinary areas, especially in the efficient elimination of radionuclides and heavy metal ions from large volumes of aqueous solutions as they have special physicochemical properties, such as large specific surface area, large amounts of oxygen-containing functional groups and active sites, and easy magnetic separation from wastewater. However, the magnetic nanomaterials have some weak points like easy coagulation, and poor dispersibility and chemical stability in the meantime. To overcome these shortcomings, the surface functionalization of Fe3O4 nanomaterials with different oxygen-containing functional groups is an efficient method. In this review, the types and properties of Fe3O4-based magnetic nanocomposites synthesized by variety surface modification methods are reviewed, and the merits and demerits of these synthetic methods are discussed as well. The types of the Fe3O4-based magnetic nanocomposites for the removal of radionuclides or heavy metal ions are classified. And then, their removal ability, advantages and disadvantages in the removal of radionuclides or heavy metal ions on each kind of functionalized magnetic nanomaterials are compared and summarized, and the interaction mechanism of the radionuclides or heavy metal ions with the Fe3O4-based magnetic nanocomposites are discussed in detail. The possible application of functionalized magnetic nanocomposites in the efficient removal of radionuclides and heavy metal ions are prospected.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of Fe3O4-based nanomaterials
2.1 Solvothermal method
2.2 Coprecipitation method
2.3 Plasma-induced grafting technique
2.4 Other methods
3 Classification of Fe3O4-based nanomaterials
3.1 Organics modified magnetic nanomaterials
3.2 Inorganics modified magnetic nanomaterials
4 The applications and mechanisms of Fe3O4-based nanomaterials
4.1 Removal of radionuclides
4.2 Removal of heavy metal ions
5 Conclusion
Key words: iron oxides, magnetic nanomaterials, radionuclides, heavy metal ions, pollution control

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