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化学进展 2014, Vol. 26 Issue (07): 1202-1213 DOI: 10.7536/PC140109 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

波聚合体系、引发、过程及应用

李青彬1,2, 韩永军1,2, 燕青芝*1,3, 葛昌纯*1,3   

  1. 1. 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院 北京 100083;
    2. 平顶山学院化学化工学院 平顶山 467000;
    3. 北京科技大学核能与新能源系统材料研究所 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-01 修回日期:2014-04-01 出版日期:2014-07-15 发布日期:2014-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 燕青芝, 葛昌纯 E-mail:yanqingzhi@mater.ustb.edu.cn; ccge@mater.ustb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目（No.50772013）、河南省基础与前沿技术研究项目（No.122300410178）和河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目（No.12B150022）资助

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Reaction System, Initiation, Process and Application of Frontal Polymerization

Li Qingbin1,2, Han Yongjun1,2, Yan Qingzhi*1,3, Ge Changchun*1,3   

  1. 1. School of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China;
    2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China;
    3. Institutes of Materials for Nuclear and Advanced Energy Systems, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2014-01-01 Revised:2014-04-01 Online:2014-07-15 Published:2014-05-22
  • Supported by:

    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50772013), the Foundation and Frontier Technology Research of Henan Province (No. 122300410178) and the Key Scientific and Technological Research of the Education Department of Henan Province (No. 12B150022)

波聚合是一种通过局部反应区域向未反应区域连续移动将单体转化为聚合物的反应模式，具有简便快速、节能降耗和产物性能优异等优势，是化学合成、功能材料与结构材料制备的新方法。本文对波聚合反应体系、引发、过程、应用及存在问题等方面进行综述。重点评述了新型波聚合体系如二元或多元体系、离子液体体系、深共晶溶剂体系等；新型引发剂如光引发剂和离子液体引发剂等特殊引发剂；波聚合反应体系中的助剂如填料、交联剂、链转移剂、活化剂、增稠剂、表面活性剂和催化剂等对聚合过程和产物结构性能的影响；新发展的引发方式如紫外线、水、等离子体和耦合引发等；以及特殊波聚合过程。最后，展望了波聚合存在问题和商业化应用的研究方向。

关键词： 波聚合, 材料制备, 聚合体系, 引发

Frontal polymerization (FP) is a synthesis process in which a localized reaction propagates directionally through the reactor. Compared with batch polymerization, FP is a simple, quick, energy-saving way to produce polymerization materials with distinctive properties. It is a new promising method for preparing functional materials and structural materials. In this paper, research progress on the reaction system, ignition, process, application and problems of FP are summarized. Some achievements of frontal polymerization in recent ten years are reviewed emphatically. Besides the free radical polymerization, there are more and more new frontal polymerization systems, such as binary-phase and multi-phase systems, ionic liquid monomer systems and deep eutectic solvents systems. More and more assistant agents, such as fillers, cross-linking agents, chain transfer agents, activators, thickening agents, surfactants and catalysts, are added to frontal polymerization and play an important role on the polymerization process and structure and property of polymers. New initiators, such as photo-initiators, ionic liquid initiators and other specially designed initiators, are described here. New initiation modes, such as UV, water, plasma and coupling ignition, are also discussed. Two new special processes of frontal polymerization are included. At last, the problems of frontal polymerization and the research area of commercializing the frontal polymerization are proposed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Advantages of FP
3 Reaction system
3.1 Monomer
3.2 Initiator
3.3 Solvent
3.4 Assistants
4 Initiation of FP
4.1 Heat
4.2 UV
4.3 Others: plasma, laser,magnet,water
5 Process of FP
5.1 Process parameters
5.2 Process monitor
5.3 Special Processes
6 Application of FP
6.1 Preparation of SAP
6.2 Preparation of hydrogel
6.3 Preparation of porous materials
6.4 Preparation of environmental materials
6.5 Preparation of nanophase materials
6.6 Preparation of hybrid materials
6.7 Preparation of amphiphilic materials
6.8 Epoxy curing
6.9 Preparation of functional gradient materials
6.10 Preparation of interpenetrating polymer network
6.11 Preparation of photoelectric materials
7 Problem of FP
8 Conclusion

Key words: frontal polymerization, material preparation, polymerization systems, initiation

中图分类号: 

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摘要

波聚合体系、引发、过程及应用