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化学进展 2014, Vol. 26 Issue (05): 756-771 DOI: 10.7536/PC131125 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

软模板合成有序介孔碳材料

刘蕾1,2, 袁忠勇*1   

  1. 1. 南开大学化学学院 先进能源材料化学教育部重点实验室 天津化学化工协同创新中心 天津 300071;
    2. 山东科技大学材料科学与工程学院 青岛 266590
  • 收稿日期:2013-11-01 修回日期:2014-02-01 出版日期:2014-05-15 发布日期:2014-03-13
  • 通讯作者: 袁忠勇，e-mail：zyyuan@nankai.edu.cn E-mail:zyyuan@nankai.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目（No.51302154）；111计划（B12015）和教育部创新团队（IRT13022）资助

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Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Materials Synthesized by Organic-Organic Self-Assembly

Liu Lei1,2, Yuan Zhongyong*1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
  • Received:2013-11-01 Revised:2014-02-01 Online:2014-05-15 Published:2014-03-13
  • Supported by:

    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51302154), the 111 project (B12015) and the Program for Innovation Research Team in University (IRT13022)

有序介孔碳材料由于其较大的表面积、均一的孔径、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性，广泛应用于吸附、分离、催化以及能量储存等众多领域。与传统的以硅基介孔材料为硬模板的反向复制方法相比，通过嵌段共聚物和聚合物前驱体之间的有机-有机自组装的软模板法简便易行，已成为合成有序介孔碳材料有效方法。本论文综述了介孔碳材料的软模板合成机制、合成方法、功能化及其应用，对合成技术、结构控制、孔径调控以及形貌控制等方面进行了讨论，并探讨了其在吸附、催化、电极材料等领域的应用。

关键词： 介孔碳材料, 自组装, 改性, 吸附, 催化

Ordered mesoporous carbon materials have attracted great research interests due to their extremely large surface area, uniform pore size, high thermal stability and chemical inertness, which have been widely used in the areas including catalysis, adsorption, energy storage and conversion. The direct synthesis strategy from organic-organic self-assembly involving the combination of polymerizable precursors and block copolymer templates is expected to be more flexible in preparing mesoporous carbons, compared with the traditional nanocasting strategy of fussy and high-cost procedures using mesoporous silica materials as the hard template. In this critical review, we present the fundamentals and recent advances related to the researches of ordered mesoporous carbon materials from the direct synthesis strategy of block copolymer soft-templating, with a focus on their controllable preparation, modification and potential applications. Under the guidance of their formation mechanism, the preparation of ordered mesoporous carbons are detailedly discussed by synthetic pathways, including evaporation induced self-assembly method, dilute aqueous route, macroscopic phase separation and hydrothermal autoclaving process. The mesopore size and morphology control, and the hybrid carbon materials are also demonstrated. The potential applications of pure and modified mesoporous carbons in adsorption, catalysis and electrochemistry are detailed discussed. Furthermore, remarks on the challenges and perspectives of research directions are proposed for further development of ordered mesoporous carbons.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon
2.1 Synthesis mechanism
2.2 Synthesis pathway
2.3 Mesostructure control
2.4 Pore size control
2.5 Morphology control
2.6 Hybrid carbon materials
3 Applications
3.1 Gas adsorption and storage
3.2 Dye and protein adsorption
3.3 Electrode materials for supercapacitors
3.4 Catalysis
4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: mesoporous carbon, self-assembly, modification, adsorption, catalysis

中图分类号: 

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摘要

软模板合成有序介孔碳材料