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化学进展 2014, Vol. 26 Issue (05): 796-809 DOI: 10.7536/PC131032 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

基于纤维素的气凝胶材料

马书荣, 米勤勇, 余坚*, 何嘉松, 张军*   

  1. 北京分子科学国家实验室 中国科学院化学研究所 工程塑料重点实验室 北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2013-10-01 修回日期:2013-12-01 出版日期:2014-05-15 发布日期:2014-03-13
  • 通讯作者: 余坚，e-mail：yuj@iccas.ac.cn；张军，e-mail：jzhang@iccas.ac.cn E-mail:yuj@iccas.ac.cn；jzhang@iccas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目（No. 51273206）；中科院知识创新项目（No. KJCX2-YW-H30-03）和国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目（No. 2010CB934705）资助

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Aerogel Materials Based on Cellulose

Ma Shurong, Mi Qinyong, Yu Jian*, He Jiasong, Zhang Jun*   

  1. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2013-10-01 Revised:2013-12-01 Online:2014-05-15 Published:2014-03-13
  • Supported by:

    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51273206),Knowledge Inn ovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. KJCX2-YW-H30-03) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2010CB934705)

纤维素是自然界中储量最为丰富的一种天然高分子。作为继无机气凝胶和合成聚合物气凝胶之后的第三代气凝胶，纤维素基气凝胶材料兼具绿色可再生的纤维素材料和多孔气凝胶材料两者的优点，成为纤维素材料研究与应用中的一个热点。本文梳理了纤维素基气凝胶材料的发展脉络，综述了纤维素基气凝胶材料的研究进展。重点对纤维素基气凝胶的制备方法进行了总结，包括基于含水溶剂和无水溶剂的纤维素直接溶解法及源自植物纤维素和细菌纤维素的纤维素纳米纤维的水相分散法。介绍了纤维素基气凝胶力学性能的提高和功能性开发的最新研究结果。最后对纤维素基气凝胶材料的发展前景和研究方向进行了展望。

关键词： 纤维素, 气凝胶, 纤维素溶剂, 功能化

Cellulose, as the most abundant biopolymer in nature, has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industry in recent years due to its specific properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, thermal and chemical stability. Nowadays, cellulose aerogel, which possesses extremely low density, large open pores, and a high specific surface area, has become one of topical polymer materials that are based on this sustainable resource. The combination of the advantages and characteristics of the renewable biopolymer and highly porous material has made cellulose aerogel as the new generation succeeding the inorganic and synthetic polymer-based aerogel. In this review, recent research progress in cellulose aerogel materials is summarized based on about 70 relevant papers. The preparation of cellulose aerogel materials is mainly focused on the dissolving solvents of cellulose, including hydrous and anhydrous systems, and aqueous dispersion media of cellulose nanofibers, which are separated from native lignocellulose biomass and bacterial cellulose. The recent development to enhance the mechanical properties of cellulose aerogel by improving the strength of solid network via addition of inorganic components, is described, along with that to introduce functionality (hydrophobicity, superoleophobicity, electrical and magnetic properties, etc.) in cellulose aerogel. Finally, a perspective on the cellulose aerogel materials and the research directions in the future is briefly discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of cellulose aerogels
2.1 Dissolution of cellulose by non-derivative solvents
2.2 Dispersion of cellulose nanofibers in water
3 Modification of cellulose aerogels
3.1 Enhancement of mechanical properties
3.2 Modification of hydrophobicity and oleophobicity
3.3 Electrical and magnetic functionalization
3.4 Loading of active compounds on aerogels
4 Perspective

Key words: cellulose, aerogel, cellulose solvents, functionality

中图分类号: 

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摘要

基于纤维素的气凝胶材料