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化学进展 DOI: 10.7536/PC130413 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述与评论 •

多级孔分子筛的制备与催化应用

彭鹏1, 张占全1, 王有和1,2, Fazle Subhan1,3, 阎子峰*1   

  1. 1. 中国石油大学重质油国家重点实验室 中国石油催化重点实验室 青岛 266580;
    2. 中国石油大学(华东)理学院 青岛 266580;
    3. 阿普杜勒瓦利汉大学化学系, 巴基斯坦马尔丹
  • 收稿日期:2013-04-01 修回日期:2013-08-01 出版日期:2013-12-15 发布日期:2013-09-17
  • 通讯作者: 阎子峰 E-mail:zfyancat@upc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项（No.10-01A-05-01-08）；国家自然科学基金委员会-中国石油天然气股份有限公司石油化工联合基金项目（No.U1362202）；山东省自然科学基金项目（No.ZR2011BQ014）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（No.12CX04093A）和中国石油大学（华东）教育部自主创新项目（No.24720146047）资助

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Hierarchical Molecular Sieves：Synthesis and Catalytic Applications

Peng Peng1, Zhang Zhanquan1, Wang Youhe1,2, Fazle Subhan1,3, Yan Zifeng*1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CNPC, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China;
    2. School of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China;
    3. Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, K.P.K, Pakistan
  • Received:2013-04-01 Revised:2013-08-01 Online:2013-12-15 Published:2013-09-17

分子筛研究的热点问题之一是如何减小微孔扩散阻力对传质带来的不利影响，以提高催化剂的利用效率。通过引入介孔，实现多级孔分子筛材料的设计是解决上述问题的一种有效方法。本文介绍了多级孔分子筛材料提高反应扩散效率的理论依据以及国内外多级孔分子筛材料制备方面的研究进展。主要包含“破坏性”方法（destructive methods）和“建设性”方法（constructive methods）的原理，从水热稳定性、酸性、操作性以及可放大性分析了各种合成方法的优势和不足。本文还介绍了多级孔分子筛在催化反应中的若干应用实例，重点介绍了多级孔材料在催化裂化和加氢反应中的应用进展，表明多级孔分子筛可以提高选择性以及转化率。开发适宜酸性以及水热稳定性的微孔-介孔分子筛，同时兼顾低成本、低污染以及易操作性的合成技术是将来研究的重点，同时应建立多级孔分子筛催化性能与结构的关系，加深对多级孔分子筛的认识。

关键词： 多级孔分子筛, 催化应用, 沸石, 扩散, 工业放大

Improving the diffusional performance of traditional microporous zeolites has become of interest to the fields of catalysis, adsorption and separation. The development of hierarchical molecular sieves has occurred to solve the aforementioned issues. This review includes the theoretical analyses about how to improve the efficiency and diffusional performance of molecular sieves during catalytic reactions by recent approaches to synthesize hierarchical molecular sieves. Different hierarchical molecular sieves synthesized via constructive and destructive methods are reported, with emphasis on their strengths and weaknesses, regarding hydrothermal stability, acidity, operational constraints and scalability. This review also summarizes recent catalytic applications, in particular, the applications in catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. It is shown that the incorporation of mesopores to traditional microporous zeolites can improve the activity and selectivity of catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. However, development of hierarchical molecular sieves needs to consider cost, production of high purity products while reducing the production of unwanted by-products, and to provide readily scalable materials. These hierarchical molecular sieves should be able to withstand acidic conditions and have high hydrothermal stability. Development of such materials with the properties described above and structure-property-function relationships of hierarchical molecular sieves should be emphasized in the future.

Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Theoretical analyses
2 Methods of preparation of hierarchical molecular sieves
2.1 Destructive strategies
2.2 Constructive strategies
3 Catalytic applications of hierarchical molecular sieves
3.1 Fluidized catalytic cracking
3.2 Hydrogenation reactions
4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: hierarchical molecular sieves, catalytic reactions, zeolite, diffusion, scale-up

中图分类号: 

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摘要

多级孔分子筛的制备与催化应用