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化学进展 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (2/3): 320-330 DOI: 10.7536/PC190629 前一篇   后一篇

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表面超疏水对摩擦学性能的影响:机理、现状与展望

郭永刚**(), 朱亚超, 张鑫, 罗冰鹏   

  1. 河南工业大学机电工程学院 郑州 450001
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-27 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2019-12-19
  • 通讯作者: 郭永刚
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51775169); 国家自然科学基金项目(U1404516); 国家自然科学基金项目(U1604253); 河南省自然科学基金项目(162300410053); 河南工业大学青年骨干教师培育计划、河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划(2016GGJS-067); 河南省高等学校重点科研项目(17A430014); 河南省科技攻关计划项目(142102210413)
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Effects of Superhydrophobic Surface on Tribological Properties: Mechanism, Status and Prospects

Yonggang Guo**(), Yachao Zhu, Xin Zhang, Bingpeng Luo   

  1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • Received:2019-06-27 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2019-12-19
  • Contact: Yonggang Guo
  • About author:
    ** e-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51775169); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1404516); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1604253); Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(162300410053); Training Program of Young Key Teachers in Henan University of Technology, Training Program of Young Key Teachers in Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(2016GGJS-067); Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Colleges and Universities(17A430014); Henan Province Science and Technology Research Projects(142102210413)

超疏水表面由于极端的非润湿特性,在减阻、耐磨、防腐蚀、防结冰和自清洁等领域有着极为广泛的潜在应用。表面粗糙结构和低表面自由能是形成超疏水表面的两个决定因素,也是超疏水表面具有优异的摩擦学性能的主要原因。本文主要对近年来超疏水表面在摩擦学领域的研究进行总结。首先分析了超疏水表面摩擦学的相关理论,然后重点阐述了超疏水表面在摩擦学领域的研究现状,探讨了影响超疏水表面摩擦学性能的因素和作用机理,并对耐磨超疏水表面和超滑表面的摩擦学研究进行了分析。最后提出了超疏水表面摩擦学研究应该关注的重点和方向。本综述旨在引起更多学者对超疏水表面摩擦学研究的关注,对于扩大超疏水表面的应用领域具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

关键词： 超疏水, 摩擦学, 磨损, 耐磨

Due to its extreme non-wetting properties, superhydrophobic surface has a wide range of potential applications in the fields of drag reduction, wear resistance, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, self-cleaning, etc. Surface roughness and low surface free energy are the two determinants of forming superhydrophobic surface and the main reasons of excellent tribological properties of superhydrophobic surface. In this paper, the research on superhydrophobic surface in the field of tribology in recent years is summarized. Firstly, the related theories of the tribology of superhydrophobic surface are analyzed. Then the research status of superhydrophobic surface in the field of tribology is emphatically expounded, and the factors affecting the tribological properties of superhydrophobic surface and its mechanism are discussed. In addition, the tribological study of wear-resistant superhydrophobic surface and slippery liquid infused porous surface(SLIPS) are also analyzed. Finally, the paper puts forward the focus and direction of tribology research on superhydrophobic surface. This review, which has important theoretical and practical significance for expanding the application field of superhydrophobic surface, aims to attract more scholars’ attention to the tribological study of superhydrophobic surface.

Key words: superhydrophobic, tribology, wear, wear resistance
()
图1 弯月面形成示意图[45]
Fig.1 Diagram of meniscus formation[45]
图2 弹性介质和粗糙刚性平面接触[48]
Fig.2 Contact between elastic medium and rough rigid plane[48]
图3 超疏水表面减轻磨粒磨损示意图[49]
Fig.3 The illustration of superhydrophobic surface that can reduce abrasive wear[49]
图4 光滑试样和微结构试样的磨损形貌图[53](图中的标尺均为100 μm)
Fig.4 Wear morphologies of smooth samples and microstructural samples[53](The scales in the figure are all 100 μm)
图5 HIPS 纳米复合涂层的表面粗糙度测量(a)和摩擦系数随二氧化硅浓度的变化情况(b)[55]
Fig.5 Surface roughness measurement(a) and friction coefficient variation with silica concentration(b) of HIPS nanocomposite coating[55]
图6 试样的摩擦系数曲线:(a)裸钢,(b)纹理钢,(c)改性裸钢和(d)改性纹理钢[57]
Fig.6 The friction coefficient curves of samples:(a) bare steel,(b) textured steel,(c) modified bare steel and(d) modified textured steel[57]
图7 钛合金空白试样及网格和点阵微结构试样在纯水润滑(a)和海水润滑(b)中的摩擦系数曲线图[63]
Fig.7 Friction coefficient curves of blank, grid microstructure and dot microstructure titanium alloy specimens in pure water lubrication(a) and sea water lubrication(b)[63]
图8 FG含量为0、50%和100%的PI/FG纳米复合涂层在磨损后的SEM图像(a)、(b)、(c)以及油润滑条件下所有涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率的直方图(d)[65]
Fig.8 SEM images(a),(b),(c) of PI/FG nanocomposite coating with FG content of 0, 50% and 100% after wear, and histogram of friction coefficient and wear rate of all coatings under oil lubrication conditions(d)[65]
图9 锡青铜和轴承钢试样的摩擦系数随载荷(a、b)和滑动速度(c、d)的变化情况。1代表光滑表面,2、3和4分别代表微结构直径与相邻微结构中心距之比为1∶3、1∶2和1∶4的表面[53]
Fig.9 The friction coefficient of tin bronze and bearing steel samples varies with loading(a, b) and sliding speed(c, d). Where, 1 representing smooth surface, 2, 3 and 4 representing surface whose ratio of microstructure diameter to the center distance of adjacent microstructures is 1∶3, 1∶2 and 1∶4, respectively[53]
图10 超疏水表面摩擦系数随时间变化的曲线[66]
Fig.10 The friction coefficient curve of superhydrophobic surface varying with time[66]
图11 镁合金基底(a)、微弧氧化层(b)和经自组装分子膜修饰的微弧氧化层(c)的磨痕形貌[72]
Fig.11 Wear morphology of magnesium alloy substrate(a), micro-arc oxide layer(b) and micro-arc oxide layer modified by self-assembled molecular film(c)[72]
图12 用未作处理(a)、低表面能溶液(b)和涂覆SiO2(c)三种修饰方法处理过的光滑表面、网格表面和点阵表面经磨损后产生的磨痕图①、②和③[73]
Fig.12 Wear pattern(①, ②, ③) of smooth surface, grid surface and dot surface treated by three modification methods: untreated(a), low surface energy solution(b) and coated SiO2 (c)[73]
图13 砂纸磨损试验示意图[77]
Fig.13 Schematic diagram of sandpaper wear test[77]
图14 用刀划痕试验(b1~b8)来验证具有涂层的载玻片的超疏水性:实验前(a1)和实验后(a2),以及每次刮刀试验后的水接触角图(c)[79]
Fig.14 The superhydrophobicity of coated glass slides is verified by knife scratch test(b1~b8): pre-test(a1) and post-test(a2), and water contact angle diagram after each knife scratch test(c)[79]
表1 超疏水表面摩擦学性能测试常用的实验条件
Table 1 Experimental conditions commonly used for testing the tribological properties of superhydrophobic surfaces
Measurement methods FL/N FV/mm/s T/℃ RH/% ref
UMT 2/3/4 - 23~27 - 53
UMT 0.5 10 - 40 56
UMT 0.060 30 20~25 25~30 58
UMT 0.5 5 - - 59
UMT 3 10 - - 60
UMT 0.050 3 RT 40~45 64
UMT - 4 RT 40~50 66
UMT 0.98 25 25 - 75
UMT 3~15 0.01 - - 76
UMT - - RT 40~50 72
Wear test of 600 mesh sandpaper 1 10 - - 77
Wear test for 1000 mesh sandpaper 10 - RT - 74
Emery paper abrasion(800 mesh) 1 - - - 78
knife-scratch test 5 - - - 79
ball-on-flat micro tribometer 0.040 3 - - 71
HSR-2 M test machine 5 - RT 40~50 63
ball-on-plate configuration 0.1/0.5 - 20 40~50 70
Micro-Combi tester 1 - 20 40~50 55
图15 荷叶表面与超疏水结构示意图(a)和猪笼草叶片与超滑表面结构示意图(b)[81]
Fig.15 Lotus leaf surface and schematic diagram of superhydrophobic surface(a) and pitcher grass leaf blade and schematic diagram of SLIPS(b)[81]
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