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化学进展 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (4): 973-982 DOI: 10.7536/PC210429 前一篇   后一篇

• 综述 •

后处理技术提升燃料电池催化剂稳定性

刘洋洋1,2, 赵子刚1,2, 孙浩3, 孟祥辉3, 邵光杰1, 王振波2,3,*()   

  1. 1 燕山大学环境与化学工程学院 秦皇岛 066004
    2 哈尔滨工业大学化学与化工学院 哈尔滨 150001
    3 山东奥冠新能源科技有限公司 德州 253000
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-20 修回日期:2021-08-23 出版日期:2022-04-24 发布日期:2021-09-06
  • 通讯作者: 王振波
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(21673064); 国家自然科学基金项目(51802059); 国家自然科学基金项目(21905070); 国家自然科学基金项目(22075062); 黑龙江省“百千万”工程科技重大专项(2019ZX09A02); 山东省泰山产业领军人才项目(2017TSCYCX-33)
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Post-Treatment Technology Improves Fuel Cell Catalyst Stability

Yangyang Liu1,2, Zigang Zhao1,2, Hao Sun3, Xianghui Meng3, Guangjie Shao1, Zhenbo Wang2,3()   

  1. 1 College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004, China
    2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001, China
    3 Shandong ALLGRAND New Energy Technology Co., Ltd,Dezhou 253000, China
  • Received:2021-04-20 Revised:2021-08-23 Online:2022-04-24 Published:2021-09-06
  • Contact: Zhenbo Wang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21673064); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51802059); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905070); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075062); Heilongjiang Province “Hundred Million” Major Project of Engineering Science and Technology(2019ZX09A02); Shandong Taishan Industry Leading Talent Project(2017TSCYCX-33)

燃料电池属于一种可再生的新能源技术,不经过热机过程,不受卡诺循环限制,通过电极和电解质界面的化学反应直接将燃料的化学能转化为电能,所以能量转化效率高,且没有噪声和污染。质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是燃料电池中应用最广泛的一类,但PEMFC仍然存在一些问题,如成本高、功率密度低和催化剂稳定性差等。因此实现质子交换膜燃料电池大规模应用,研究开发高活性和高稳定性的催化剂是重中之重。针对燃料电池催化剂高活性和高稳定性的要求,本文综述了燃料电池催化剂的研究进展和性能改进方法。从活性组分和载体两个角度对提升燃料电池稳定性的方法展开论述。通过减小活性组分颗粒的直径、制备具有特定取向表面的铂颗粒、铂与过渡金属的合金化、载体的改性等方式来改善催化剂的性能。最后提出了燃料电池催化剂未来的发展方向以及在实际应用过程中面临的主要问题。

关键词： 质子交换膜燃料电池, 贵金属催化剂, 稳定性, 活性组分, 载体

Fuel cell is a kind of renewable new energy technology, which can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electric energy through the chemical reaction at the interface of electrode and electrolyte. Because energy conversion efficiency is high, no noise and pollution.Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most widely used fuel cells, but PEMFC still has some problems to be solved, such as high cost, low power density and poor catalyst stability. Therefore, to achieve the large-scale application of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, research and development of high activity and high stability catalyst is the top priority. In order to meet the requirements of high activity and high stability of fuel cell catalysts, this paper reviews the research progress and performance improvement methods of catalysts for fuel cells. The methods to improve the stability of fuel cell were discussed from the perspectives of active components and carrier. The performance of catalyst was improved by reducing the diameter of active component particles, preparing platinum particles with specific orientation surface, alloying platinum with transition metals and the modification of carrier also had a significant impact on the stability of catalyst. Finally, the future development direction of fuel cell catalysts and the main problems in practical application are proposed.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Fuel cell electrocatalyst

3 Post-processing technology

3.1 Active component angle improves stability

3.2 Carrier angle improves stability

4 Conclusion and prospect

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell, noble metal catalyst, stability, active component, carrier
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图1 Pt3Ni(a)和Pt1.5Ni(b)气凝胶TEM图像,插图为相对应的纳米链直径分布[18];(c)控制PtNi3尺寸生长机制的示意图[19]
Fig. 1 TEM images of Pt3Ni (a) and Pt1.5Ni (b) aerogel,insets show the corresponding distributions of nanochain diameters[18];(c) schematic illustration of the revealed size-controlled growth mechanism of PtN i3[19]
图2 不同极化电压下Pt晶面曝光示意图:(a) 1.5 V,(b) 1.7 V,(c) 2.2 V[29]
Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of the selectively Pt facet exposure under different anodization voltages of (a) 1.5 V, (b) 1.7 V and (c) 2.2 V[29]
图3 (A)Au33Pt67与Pt/C催化剂的H2O2产率和转移电子数[32];(B)Au33Pt67样品和Pt/C催化剂相应的Tafel图[32];(C)微波辅助快速加热合成PtAu合金示意图[34];(D)Pt-Au/GNs (1:0.05) (a),Pt-Au/GNs (1:0.1) (b),Pt-Au/GNs (1:0.3) (c),Pt/GNs (1:0.6) (d),Pt /GNs (e),PtRu/C-JM (f)在1600 r/min转速下ORR极化曲线,在O2饱和的H2SO4中,扫描速率为5 mV·s-1[35]
Fig. 3 (A) Plots of H2O2 yield and electron transfer numbers and (B) the corresponding Tafel plots of the Au33Pt67 sample and Pt/C catalyst[32];(C) schematic illustration of major states involved the synthesis of PtAu alloy through a microwave-assisted flash heating[34];(D) ORR polarization curves for Pt-Au/GNs (1:0.05) (a), Pt-Au/GNs (1:0.1) (b), Pt-Au/GNs (1:0.3) (c), Pt/GNs (1:0.6) (d), Pt/GNs (e) and PtRu/C-JM (f) at rotation rate of 1600 r/min, with the scan rate of 5 mV·s-1 in O2 saturated 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution[35]
图4 (a)PtNi催化剂在催化过程中的电化学腐蚀[41];(b)Au-Pt3Ni纳米线合成步骤[44]
Fig. 4 (a) The corrosion electrochemistry of PtNi alloy electrocatalysts during its catalytic ORR process[41];(b) illustrations of the synthesis of Au-Pt3Ni nanowires[44]
图5 FeSAs/PTF框架结构示意图[51]
Fig. 5 Schematic illustration of the formation of FeSAs/PTF[51]
图6 Pt-Co菱形十二面体结构[62]
Fig. 6 Structures of Pt-Co rhombic dodecahedra[62]
图7 (a)微流法制备PtFe-PtxFeyCezOj催化剂示意图[71];(b)Pt/TiO2@CNT合成示意图[73];(c)Pt/TiO2-C制备工艺[74]
Fig. 7 (a) Schematic diagram for preparation of PtFe-PtxFeyCezOj catalyst by microfluidic method[71];(b) schematic illustration of Pt/TiO2@CNT synthesis[73];(c) the fabrication process of Pt/TiO2-C catalysts[74]
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