Medical science and technology innovation is a source of benefit for people's life and health. After nearly a century of evolution and development, the medical science and technology innovation funding policy represented by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States has formed a complex and diversified funding policy and mechanism with a complete system and obvious model characteristics, which effectively promotes the innovative research in the field of life and health in the United States. The article compiles, summarizes and analyzes the typical initiatives and implementation effects of NIH's funding policy from the historical perspective, and explores how to improve and standardize the participation system, evaluation mechanism and funding system setting of China's medical science and technology funding system, so as to provide useful reference for China's government to establish a good medical science and technology innovation ecology.

[Objective/Significance] To analyze the international space debris research situation, reveal the similarities and differences in research scale, research hotspots, and cooperation between China and foreign countries. [Method/Process] Using scientific econometrics and text clustering analysis, 3944 space debris research papers were retrieved and downloaded from the Science Citation Index Database (SCIE). The scale, publication time, country, and institution of international space debris research achievements were analyzed, and quantitative analysis was conducted on the research hotspots and international cooperation networks. [Results/Conclusions] Chinese institutions have advantages in the scale of space debris research, but the proportion of international cooperation is relatively low, and compared with foreign countries, they have less layout in some research topics. It is recommended that China focus on relevant research directions and themes in the field of space debris research that may have international gaps, and further strengthen support for them.

[Objective/Significance] Young scientific and technological innovation talents are an important force for national innovation and development drive, this paper aims to construct a system of indicators for identifying young scientific and technological innovation talents incorporating the semantic knowledge of scientific research papers, in order to make up for the limitations of the existing evaluation system which is mainly based on measurement indicators and peer review. [Method/Process] Data-driven ideas and methods are adopted to quantify the qualitative evaluation of the semantic knowledge of scientific research papers by calculating the semantic knowledge of scientific research papers in combination with natural language processing technology, and to construct the indicators for identifying young scientific and technological innovation talents in terms of the novelty of their outputs, the degree of project-topic fit, and the degree of scientific research activity by combining with the traditional metrics. In this study, young intelligence scientists in the field of graphic intelligence are selected as empirical objects to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the indicator system. [Results/Conclusions] Output novelty are measured by semantic knowledge differentiation and semantic knowledge similarity, and young STI talents usually show greater innovation in semantic knowledge differentiation, while similarity analyses show that their researches are closely related to the topics of core journals. Project fit analysis confirms the high degree of consistency between the research content and the national fund projects, reflecting the social value and strategic fit of the research. Research activity, which is assessed by the ratio of articles published in the last three years to those published in the last five years, reveals that young scientific and technological innovation talents have sustained scientific research input and output in the recent years. The establishment of the indicator system provides a new perspective and method for the comprehensive evaluation of young scientific and technological innovation talents, which helps to identify and support the development of young scientific and technological innovation talents more accurately.

[Objective/Significance] The precise and efficient identification of high-caliber scientific and technological talents holds significance for the nation, contributing substantially to the strategic imperative of recruiting and cultivating scientific talents and improve innovation capabilities. [Method/Process] Based on the citation data of Derek John de Solla Price Medal Recipients, we proposed one approach to identify outstanding scholars in scientometrics area that combining citation identity strength index, citation identity breadth index, and comprehensive identity index. [Results/Conclusions] We respectively identified three groups of distinguished scholars base on the citation identity strength perspective, citation identity breadth perspective and comprehensive identity perspective. These outstanding scholars have made significant contributions to the theoretical frameworks, methodologies, indicators, tools, and applications within the Scientometrics. Our work proffers a novel paradigm and methodology for the prospective identification or selection of talents within specific domians in the national intellectual landscape.

[Objective/Significance] Nobel laureates have experience in cultivating effective collaboration within research teams. Through in-depth research on the collaborative behavior of Nobel laureates, reliable evidence can be provided to promote collaboration efficiency among researchers and optimize research collaboration strategies. [Method/Process] Taking Nobel laureates in medicine as the research object, this study investigates the changes in the four indicators of cooperation duration, cooperation intensity, cooperation persistence, and cooperation stability before and after the two important nodes of publishing award-winning papers and winning the Nobel Prize. [Results/Conclusions] There was a significant improvement in the four indicators of cooperation duration, cooperation intensity, cooperation sustainability, and cooperation stability before and after publishing the award-winning paper; After winning the Nobel Prize, except for the cooperation intensity index, which showed a significant downward trend, other indicators fluctuated significantly and showed no significant upward or downward trend.

[Objective/Significance] Through visual analysis of China's library and information science think tank research literature since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, this paper scientifically measures the participation of library and information science in the evolution of research hotspots and themes, and provides a panoramic description for the study of library and information science's better participation in the service of think tanks in the era of high quality, and the transformation of library and information institutions into intelligent and think tanks. [Method/Process] CiteSpace document measurement tool was used to realize the topic analysis of library and information science's participation in think tank research through keyword co-occurrence and keyword clustering. This paper presents the time evolution of library and information science's participation in think tank research, and evaluates the degree of library and information science's participation in think tank research by using time-line cluster graph and keyword breakout word list. [Results/Conclusions] Since the 18th CPC National Congress, library and information science has been involved in think tank research for a long time, going through the participation stage, the leading stage and the new stage. With its application of information elements, it highlights the scientific and technological characteristics of the discipline, and gradually becomes the main research force in the think tank research to maintain national strategic security and promote the development of scientific and technological innovation.