[Objective/Significance] The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed ophthalmic diagnostic approaches. However, the deployment of AI in real-world still faces numerous challenges. It is crucial to identify these challenges and explore potential solutions to ensure the effective deployment of ophthalmic AI in clinical practice. [Method/Process] A literature review was conducted to assess the state of the art of ophthalmic AI, identify challenges and explore potential solutions in real-world deployment. [Results/Conclusions] Ophthalmic diagnostic AI faces several challenges in real-world deployment, including limited data, difficulties in data annotation, issues with AI accuracy and reliability, skepticism toward AI among patients and medical professionals, as well as ethical and regulatory concerns. To address the shortage of data, strategies such as establishing data-sharing platforms, utilizing generated data, and applying reinforcement learning can be employed to improve data availability and model performance. Meanwhile, building trust in AI among medical professionals and patients requires developing more efficient algorithms, integrating multimodal data for training, and providing AI relevant courses for healthcare professionals. Furthermore, formulating and refining relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards, as well as establishing comprehensive data privacy protection, are crucial to filling gaps in AI regulation.

[Objective/Significance] As the link between patents and technical standards, standard essential patents play a vital role in international trade and scientific and technological progress. However, this field also comes with many challenges and controversies. [Method/Process] This study searched the domestic and foreign research literature on standard essential patents from 2014 to 2023, and analyzed the current research hotspots by using knowledge graph visualization technology. [Results/Conclusions] The following five research hotspots were identified: FRAND principle; Standard essential patent transparency; License method; Calculation of licensing rates;License negotiation. In order to promote the healthy development of standard essential patents, China should further improve relevant laws and systems, clarify the specific definition and operational guidelines of the FRAND principle, enhance the transparency of standard essential patents, and promote fair and reasonable licensing of standard essential patents. Standard Essential patent research is a complex and critical field that requires the joint efforts of academia, industry and government to promote technological progress and economic growth.

[Objective/Significance] Green technology refers to a type of technology that reduces environmental pollution and improves resource utilization, playing a significant role in global green development. Since the 21st century, with the acceleration of global warming, countries around the world have increasingly emphasized the development of green technology. The United States started early in the development of green technology, and its green technology policies are relatively comprehensive. [Method/Process] By reviewing the evolution of U.S. green technology innovation policies in the 21st century, it can be found that their formulation and implementation are deeply influenced by domestic and international factors. The main characteristics of the policy are centered on the development of clean energy, while promoting low-carbon transformation and innovative negative emission technologies across various industries. The policy content maintains continuity amidst changes and is significantly affected by the party attributes of the government leaders. [Results/Conclusions] The implications for our country are to improve the green technology innovation policy system and promote the research and development and promotion of these technologies; secondly, closely monitor changes in U.S. partisan politics, timely adjust our country's green technology innovation policies, and deepen international cooperation to enhance independent innovation capabilities.

[Objective/Significance] After more than a decade of development, Altmetrics has emerged as a significant research direction and frontier in scientometrics field. A comprehensive review and analysis of international research trends in Altmetrics is highly valuable for scholars seeking to understand the landscape of this field. [Method/Process] Using scientometric methods, this study analyzes 1855 papers from the Web of Science Core Collection. It examines the global research status of Altmetrics from four dimensions: temporal and spatial distribution, core authors, research topics, and core papers. [Results/Conclusions] Altmetrics has demonstrated a clear growth trend, attracting research attention from over 70 countries or regions and more than 1800 institutions worldwide. However, the data reveal some growth issues in Altmetrics over the past two years. The Altmetrics research community is beginning to take shape, laying a foundation for its development. The topic analysis indicates that Altmetrics is rooted in scientometrics and bibliometrics, representing an integration of traditional scientometric methods with social media data. The citation network formed by core papers illustrates the expansion of Altmetrics from the scientometrics community into medical applications.

[Objective/Significance] The rapid development of life sciences and biotechnology benefit human society, but can generate potential biosecurity risks and dual-use dilemma of biotechnology. The literature related to dual-use of biotechnology includes policy research and experimental research. Analyzing the distribution of policy research literature can help to gain a comprehensive understanding of related research. At the same time, analyzing the references in policy research literature, can quantitatively analyze experimental research literature, combining keyword analysis, can get the hot topics of concern in dual-use research of biotechnology. [Method/Process] Based on Web of Science database, search for policy research literature on the dual-use of biotechnology, and combine manual with CiteSpace software to conduct statistical analysis and visualization of year, country, institution, journal, keyword and reference. [Results/Conclusions] The United States have a large number of policy research literatures on the dual-use of biotechnology, while China has a relatively small number of literature and limited cooperation with foreign countries. However, there is a certain degree of cooperation between domestic institutions in China. The keyword burst analysis shows a certain trend, including biological weapons at the earliest, and synthetic biology, artificial intelligence later, reflecting changes in key areas of focus. In the analysis of cited literature, Gain-of-Function research of influenza virus, lethal mousepox virus, the synthesis of 1918 influenza virus and poliovirus have high citation frequency, which are the most representative controversial literature on dual-use of biotechnology. The dual-use issue of biotechnology is becoming increasingly prominent, China's relevant policies need to be further improved, governance needs to be further strengthened, and related policy researchers need to pay attention to quantitative research and exploration.

[Objective/Significance] In order to make up for the shortcomings of CiteSpace in time-series analysis, we explored the evolution of international intangible cultural heritage (ICH) research themes from the perspective of theme evolution, so as to provide a basis for the protection, inheritance and research of ICH in China. [Method/Process] Based on the WoS search of 1805 documents in the field of ICH research from 2004 to 2023, we used temporal analysis, cluster analysis and co-occurrence analysis as the research methods, and constructed the keyword evolution map, cluster coordinate map and theme evolution path map with SciMAT metrology software to present the dynamic evolution trend of the ICH research themes. [Results/Conclusions] It is found that international research on ICH began at the beginning of the 21st century, and the research intensity has increased rapidly in the past decade; the research theme has developed from single to diversified, with the main research directions being community, identity and model; the theme presents eight evolution paths in four directions, which eventually converge into four main paths. In addition, the themes of "martial arts" and "digital humanities" have potentials to be explored in future research. It is suggested that China should pay attention to the sense of cultural identity and identity of non-heritage, focus on the application of new productivity, and take the people as the main participant in the protection and inheritance of non-heritage.

[Objective/Significance] Scientific and technological figures are the backbone of the development of scientific undertakings. To study the academic characteristics of modern Chinese biological scientific figures, in order to enlighten the development of contemporary biological scientific research undertakings. [Method/Process] Researchers in the first 10 years of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology were selected as the research objects, and their number of papers, publications, authors, research content and academic influence were statistically analyzed by means of quantitative analysis, so as to summarize the academic characteristics of this group. [Results/Conclusions] The study of modern biology in China was dominated by foreign students, and the personnel allocation was reasonable, and female researchers accounted for a certain proportion. The research results mainly focus on the taxonomy of new species, most of the literature is completed independently, emphasizing the specificity of academic thought, and the trend of interdisciplinary, cross-institutional and cross-international academic cooperation has not yet formed. The research results are mainly published in the journals of the Institute; Although some scholars have published fewer papers, their influence is far-reaching. First, we should strengthen the education of talents' patriotism ideology, pay attention to gender balance, and improve the encouraging mechanism of women's participation in scientific research; Second, contemporary scientific research institutions should adapt to the development of the times and cultivate more creative, cohesive and cooperative teams; Third, we should adopt more diversified methods of publishing results, and the assessment criteria should not only take into account the quantity and quality of scientific research, but also have more humanistic care. Fourth, we should improve the quality of scientific research results, pay attention to specialization and depth, and pay attention to science popularization and education of biological science.

[Objective/Significance] To analyze the main perceptions of American think tanks on Russian nuclear deterrence since the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and to deeply understand the significant impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on geopolitical politics, which is of great significance for assessing the policy direction of the West towards Russia. [Method/Process] The study selected 1538 representative documents from nine major American think tanks as research samples, employing bibliometric methods and content analysis to identify the hot topics and primary perceptions of American think tanks on Russian nuclear deterrence. [Results/Conclusions] The issues addressed by American think tanks focus on Russia's specific intentions regarding nuclear deterrence and the possible future direction of nuclear deterrence. China should critically evaluate the views of American think tanks, absorb their reasonable insights, and, while adhering to its consistent stance on nuclear weapons, enhance its counter-sanction capabilities and strengthen its military capabilities to actively address and mitigate potential threats.