[Objective/Significance] With the rapid development of information technology, data accumulated in various fields exhibit characteristics such as large scale, diverse types, and complex structures, posing serious challenges to existing unsupervised clustering algorithms. [Method/Process] This article presents a comprehensive survey of various clustering algorithms proposed in recent years. [Results/Conclusions] Based on the different types of data that clustering algorithms can handle, clustering algorithms are categorized into those relying on vector representation and those on relational representation. From a modeling strategy standpoint, clustering algorithms are further stratified into model optimization-based and heuristic-based approaches. Specifically, model optimization-based algorithms delve into the current research status of the k-means algorithm and the graph-cut algorithm, elucidating their distinctions, connections, and the rationale behind the k-means model’s limitation to handling spherical data, while the graph-cut model can accommodate non-convex data. Heuristic-based algorithms are exemplified by density clustering algorithms, which are thoroughly analyzed in this context. In addition, considering the non-convex optimization challenges faced by unsupervised clustering algorithms, this article also analyzes and discusses various optimization methods for unsupervised clustering algorithms. Finally, it summarizes the main characteristics of existing algorithms and optimization methods, and points out the problems existing in the current clustering methods and future research directions.

[Objective/Significance] The scientific research community benefits from gender balance and diversity, a consensus recognized globally. This study addresses the lack of research on gender differences in the Chinese scientific community and provides quantitative data to support the development of future gender balance policies. [Method/Process] This study analyzed over 160,000 Chinese researchers to provide insights into the academic performance of male and female researchers in China. [Results/Conclusions] Gender differences were found across a range of research fields and in terms of academic impact, research roles, and research funding. The study indicates that, similar to many other countries, Chinese male researchers tend to outperform their female counterparts in research output, international collaboration, and research funding. However, female researchers perform better in the fields of life sciences and medicine, particularly in neuroscience and pharmacology, where their academic impact is comparable to that of male researchers. When it comes to research roles, male researchers tend to take on roles of corresponding authorship, while female researchers are more likely to engage in roles of first authorship. Furthermore, the study reveals a significant 'leaky pipeline' phenomenon in funding applications and promotion, where the number of applications from female researchers decreases as the difficulty of the funding projects increases, and the difficulty of promotions increases with higher positions.

[Objective/Significance] Climate resilience is a priority for the international community to mitigate climate change, and enhancing the climate resilience of the whole society is the most realistic and urgent task. We hope to bring enlightenment to the theory and practice of climate resilience research by analyzing the current situation, hot spots and development trend of the field. [Method/Process] Based on the Web of Science core ensemble database, CiteSpace and VOSviewer analysis software were used to visualize and analyze climate resilience studies using literature published during the period 2012-2022 as the information data base. [Results/Conclusions] The results indicate an overall increase in global publications on climate resilience from 2012 to 2022. The country with the highest number of international collaborative publications is the United States, and the country with the highest centrality of publications is Sweden. N8 Research Partnership is the leading research organization in terms of publications in this field. The main research hotspots include resilience, climate change and vulnerability, as well as ecological resilience, biodiversity, synergistic management of environmental change and precipitation, resilience assessment, temperature, socio-ecological systems, vitality and livelihood resilience. Transformational change is the focus of research frontiers, while ecological and environmental sciences are the main research directions.

[Objective/Significance] To reveal the research status and research hotspots of Soil and Water Loss in the Yellow River Basin, clarify the advantages and shortcomings of the current research, scientifically describe the future research focus and overall layout, and finally provide a reference for decision-making on ecological protection and high quality development of the Yellow River Basin. [Method/Process] On the basis of reading a large number of literatures, supplemented by scientific knowledge graph tools, this paper studied and analyzed the literature related to Soil and Water Loss in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2022 included in the WOS and CNKI databases. [Results/Conclusions] (1)The annual publication volume of English literature was generally increasing, while the annual publication volume of Chinese literature fluctuated and stabilized; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR, Northwest A&F University, Ocean University of China and Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources are the leading research institutions for Soil and Water Loss in the Yellow River Basin. Mu Xingmin, Gao Peng and Ran Dachuan are the most influential authors in this field; (3) Keyword cluster analysis showed that the research topics in the WOS database were the status quo, causes and treatment countermeasures of ecological and environmental problems in the Yellow River Basin, the evolution of the Quaternary geological environment in the Yellow River Basin and the development and evolution of the Yellow River. The research topics in the CNKI database were ecological protection and high quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, Soil and Water Loss prevention and treatment measures in the Yellow River Basin, ecological construction engineering and sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin, and research on the risk monitoring and assessment system of flood and drought disasters in the Yellow River Basin. In the future, the research on Soil and Water Loss in the Yellow River Basin should focus on improving the quality and stability of the ecosystem, establishing and improving the water and sediment control system, deploying ecological projects in key areas, and constructing a "digital twin of the Yellow River" smart water conservancy engineering system with the functions of forecasting, early warning, rehearsal and planning.

[Objective/Significance] In order to reveal the current research status and interdisciplinary characteristics of biosafety field, understand its current development status and future trends, and provide reference for further cross-discipliary interdisciplinary research, subject resource allocation and scientific and technological decision-making support in the field of biosafety. [Method/Process] Based on the interdisciplinary perspective, the biosafety field is subdivided, the characteristics and development trends and evolutionary trends of the biosafety field and its interdisciplinary fields are analyzed, the development trends and evolutionary trends in the biosafety field are sorted out, the current situation, characteristics, interdisciplinary trends and cooperation trends of biosecurity in different countries are revealed. [Results/Conclusions] In terms of disciplinary characteristics, national defense, food and cybersecurity are new types of biosecurity. And different countries have different cooperation tendencies in related fields. In terms of interdisciplinary, the interdisciplinary of public, agricultural, mixed and other biosafety has increased steadily, and social science related research has a high degree of interdisciplinary. The degree of transnational cooperation affects the degree of interdisciplinary to a certain extent. Moreover, the interdisciplinary nature of biosecurity in the top five countries has increased over time.

[Objective/Significance] Civil-military integration is an inevitable choice to optimize the allocation of social resources, promote the upgrading of civil-military industries and the construction of a new development pattern. [Method/Process] In order to understand the evolution trend of China's civil-military integration research, this paper analyzes the relevant research published in the CSSCI database from 1992 to 2022, CiteSpace is used to visualize network analysis of institution collaboration, author collaboration, and keyword co-occurrence. [Results/Conclusions] (1) The progression of research on China’s civil-military integration has undergone four stages. At present, publications display a decelerated growth trend. Military science and economics are the main areas of concentration for research, with fewer studies conducted on other topics. (2) The subject of China’s civil-military integration research demonstrates a characteristic of high dispersion and low concentration, as it lacks extensive and intensive collaborative networks. Research is geographically imbalanced, with a greater concentration in northern regions, particularly near military-civilian integration demonstration bases. (3) Rapid and unstable change in research focuses leads to a lack of sustainability. The research content tends to be descriptive with inadequate strategic and explanatory studies. Research methods are progressively becoming more diverse, moving away from a singular approach. Collaboration among scholars could explore potential topics for future research such as integrating multiple research methods, combining multidisciplinary theoretical knowledge, making broader horizontal comparisons of practical experiences in domestic civil-military, proposing more in-depth and specific policies, and applying text analysis tools for quantitative analysis of policy documents.