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化学进展 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (4): 580-596 DOI: 10.7536/PC180908 前一篇   后一篇

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光热转换材料及其在脱盐领域的应用

郭星星1, 高航1, 殷立峰2, 王思宇3, 代云容1,**, 冯传平1   

  1. 1. 中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院 水资源与环境工程北京市重点实验室 地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室 北京 100083
    2. 北京师范大学环境学院 北京 100875
    3. 中国环境科学研究院流域水环境污染综合治理研究中心 北京 100012
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-16 出版日期:2019-01-15 发布日期:2019-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 代云容
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(21777009); 国家自然科学基金项目(21407138); 北京市自然科学基金项目(8182031); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(649911019)
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Photo-Thermal Conversion Materials and Their Application in Desalination

Xingxing Guo1, Hang Gao1, Lifeng Yin2, Siyu Wang3, Yunrong Dai1,**, Chuanping Feng1   

  1. 1. School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    3. Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
  • Received:2018-08-16 Online:2019-01-15 Published:2019-01-14
  • Contact: Yunrong Dai
  • About author:
    ** E-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21777009); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21407138); Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8182031); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(649911019)

光热脱盐技术在缓解水资源短缺和减少水环境污染等方面具有重要的应用前景,已吸引了各国研究者的广泛关注。光热脱盐主要是利用光热转换材料将吸收的太阳光能直接、高效地转化为热能,以蒸发水分实现含盐水脱盐和水质净化,其效率取决于光热转换材料的性能。本文综述了近年来太阳能光热转换材料如金属基材料、碳基材料、半导体材料、有机聚合物材料、复合光热材料的研究现状及其光热转换机理,并介绍了光热转换材料在脱盐领域的应用进展。基于上述分析,对光热转换材料在未来脱盐领域的研究前景进行了展望,提出应针对光热转换材料的低强度全光谱吸收和高效转化利用、光热稳定性和重复使用性提高,以及光热脱盐系统的热传递损失最小化和热量利用最大化等方面进行深入探析。

关键词： 光热转换材料, 脱盐, 太阳能, 水蒸发, 含盐水处理

Photo-thermal desalination has attracted extensive attention because of its potential applications in solving the problems of water resources shortage and water pollution. During the process of photo-thermal desalination, photo-thermal conversion materials are applied to absorb the solar energy and then convert the solar energy into the heat energy directly and efficiently, meanwhile the heat energy is used to evaporate, desalinate, and purify the saline water. To a great extent, the efficiency of photo-thermal desalination depends on the properties of the applied photo-thermal conversion materials. In this paper, recent researches on solar photo-thermal conversion materials, including metal-based materials, carbon-based materials, semiconductor materials, organic polymer materials, and composite photo-thermal materials are reviewed; the photo-thermal conversion mechanism are summarized. Moreover, the application progress of photo-thermal conversion materials in the field of desalination is also introduced. Based on the above analyses, the research prospects of photo-thermal conversion materials in the field of desalination are discussed. We propose that the future research should focus on the efficient absorption and utilization of photo-thermal conversion materials for the low intensity and full spectrum sun light, the improvement of thermal stability and reusability of photo-thermal conversion materials, and the minimum heat transfer loss and the maximum heat utilization efficiency of photo-thermal desalination system.

Key words: photo-thermal conversion materials, desalination, solar energy, water evaporation, saline water treatment
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图1 光热转换材料处理含盐水示意图
Fig. 1 Schematic of treatment of saline water with photo-thermal conversion material
图2 金属粒子经表面等离子共振效应进行光热转换的示意图[20]
Fig. 2 Schematic of photo-thermal conversion of metal particles through surface plasmon resonance process[20]
图3 半导体材料经光能激发电子产生热能示意图
Fig. 3 Schematic of the generation of thermal energy by photo-thermal electronic excitation of semiconductor materials
图4 碳基材料经超共轭效应进行光热转换的示意图
Fig. 4 Schematic of photo-thermal conversion of carbon-based materials through super-conjugation effect
图5 铝基等离子体吸收剂的吸收光谱图[55]
Fig. 5 Absorption spectrum of aluminum-based plasmonic absorbers[55]
图6 rGO薄膜、rGOF-DS(rGO泡沫)和VA-GSM在250~2500 nm波长范围内的吸收光谱[71]
Fig. 6 Absorbance spectra of rGO film, rGOF-DS, and VA-GSM in the wavelength range of 250~2500 nm[71]
图7 模拟太阳光下Ti2O3样品的温升曲线和光源关闭后的降温曲线[10]
Fig. 7 A typical temperature-time relationship showing the increase in the temperature of the Ti2O3 sample under irradiation from a solar simulator and the decay trace of temperature after the irradiation is turned off[10]
图8 CNT纳米流体局部太阳能加热和蒸气产生示意图[12]
Fig. 8 Schematic of treatment of saline water with photo-thermal conversion materials[12]
图9 HNG中基于独特水输送的高效太阳能蒸发示意图[112]
Fig. 9 Schematic of highly efficient solar vapor generation based on tailored water transport in HNGs[112]
图10 提高太阳能蒸发效率的三维光热结构示意图[87]
Fig. 10 Scheme of the 3D photothermal structure toward improved energy efficiency in solar steam generation[87]
表1 典型光热转换材料性能对比
Table 1 Performance comparison of typical photo-thermal conversion materials
Materials Light source Light intensity(kW·m-2) Evaporation rate
(kg·m-2·h-1)		 Photothermal conversion
efficiency(%)		 ref
Au NPs Solar simulator 1.0 — 24.0 49
Au NPs Solar simulator 10 6.27 — 130
F-wood Solar simulator 1.0(3.0) — 72.0(81.0) 60
Charcoal Solar simulator 1.0 — 91.3 61
Graphite-carbon foams Solar simulator 10.0 — 85.0 63
h-G foam Solar simulator 1.0 1.40* 93.4 59
VA-GSM Solar simulator 1.0(4.0) 1.62(6.25) 86.5(94.2) 71
Ti2O3 NPs Solar simulator 1.0(5.0) 1.32*(5.03*) 92.0 10
W18O49 808 nm laser — — 59.6 86
TiO2 Solar simulator 1.0 — 70.9 7
rTiO2-Ti Solar simulator 5.6 — 84.2 84
CNTs Solar simulator 10.0 8.5 — 12
rGO Solar simulator 1.0 1.14 — 23
NG Solar simulator 1.0 1.50 — 72
CNT-SiO2 Solar simulator 1.0 — 82.0 107
Fe3O4@CNTs Solar simulator 1.0 — 88.7 100
SWNTs-MoS2 Solar simulator 5.0 6.6* 91.5 108
rGO-MWCNTs Solar simulator 1.0 1.19* 80.4 42
rGO-PU Solar simulator 12.0 14.02 81.0 104
rGO-PS Solar simulator 1.0 1.31* 83.0 105
rGO-pDA Solar simulator 1.0 0.72* — 15
Wood-GO Solar simulator 12.0 14.02* 83.0 109
CG/GN Solar simulator 1.0 1.25 85.6 110
CuS-PE Solar simulator 1.0 4.03 63.9 111
AgI-Ag2S 808 nm laser 1.0 — 52.0 115
MXene-PVDF-PS Solar simulator 1.0 — 84.0 4
HNG Solar simulator 1.0 3.2* — 112
CTH Solar simulator 1.0 2.5 — 106
Janus membrane Solar simulator 5.0 6.7 94.0 99
SnSe@NF Solar simulator 1.0 0.85(0.80*) — 131
2D-SCS Solar simulator 1.0 1.25 79.0 133
3D-SCS Solar simulator 1.0 1.7 96.7 133
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