• 综述 •
康伟, 李璐, 赵卿, 王诚, 王建龙, 滕越. 新型析氢析氧电化学催化剂在固体聚合物水电解体系的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2020, 32(12): 1952-1977.
Wei Kang, Lu Li, Qing Zhao, Cheng Wang, Jianlong Wang, Yue Teng. Application of New Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Electrochemical Catalysts for Solid Polymer Water Electrolysis System[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2020, 32(12): 1952-1977.
固体聚合物水电解制氢技术在可再生能源利用和氢能经济发展中占有极其重要的地位,催化剂是实现高效能源转化的关键。由于聚合物水电解体系的强酸腐蚀性和高氧化电位,其实际应用的催化剂仍以Pt和Ir基催化剂为主。贵金属材料储量有限,价格昂贵,电催化剂成本很高,极大限制了聚合物水电解技术的发展。聚合物水电解催化剂的研究主要集中在降低贵金属用量、提高贵金属利用率和延长催化剂使用寿命等方面。此外,寻找廉价的替代材料,开发非贵金属析氢、析氧电催化剂也是研究的重要内容和发展方向。通过深入认识催化作用机理,结合快速发展的模拟、计算技术,设计制备新型高性能析氢、析氧电催化剂具有重要应用价值。本文总结了当前聚合物水电解体系析氢、析氧催化原理的发展,介绍了新型析氢、析氧催化剂的制备技术和性能研究及双效催化剂的发展,并对提高催化性能的措施做了简单总结和建议,希望对聚合物水电解体系催化剂的进一步研究和发展有积极意义。
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Water electrolysis catalysts | Advances | Implementation methods | |
---|---|---|---|
HER catalysts | Precious catalysts | Development of the precious HER catalysts are aimed at increasing the dispersion and utilization efficiency of precious metals,enhancing the catalytic activity and stability. Lowering the loading of precious metal is of greatest significance for the application of HER catalysis, remarkably cutting down the usage of precious metals and reducing the costs | Implenentations of synthesizing the applicable high-performance HER catalysts are focusing on the alloying, doping and modification with economically heterogeneous elements, preparing the stable core-shell structures and applying the morphology control techniques in the synthesis processes. Atomically dispersive preparation method is the latest developed promising catalyst preparing approaches, increasing the catalytic activity and stability simultaneously. |
Non-precious catalysts | The metal-macrocyclic organic framework catalyst with different doping transitional metals are vigorous developed to catalyze HER process. These non-precious catalysts can significantly cut down the electrolysis costs, making significant contributions to the electrochemical energy storage and conversion. However, increasing the catalytic activity and improving the stability are still the main direction for the development of non-precious HER catalysts. | High-performance non-precious HER catalysts are usually prepared through doping and modification approaches. Taking advantage of the functionalized nanomaterials and transitional metals can form catalytic active structures, and increase the density of active sites. Porous structures can also enhance the interaction between catalysts and the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the good conductivity, rich heterogeneous element dopants and evident stress effects significantly increase the electrochemical activity of non-precious HER catalysts. | |
OER catalysts | Precious catalysts | The study of precious OER catalysts aimed at reducing the consumption and improving the utilization efficiency of precious metals, so as to cutting down the catalysis cost. The invesitigations focus on increasing the catalyst stability, improving the conductivity and optimizing the catalyst structures to develop the more applicable OER catalysts | Increasing the specific surface area and transforming the crystal structure through supporting, doping and modification processes can obviously improve the catalytic activity and stability of precious metal OER catalysts. With high specific surface carrier supported, the dispersion and stability of precious metals are increased, remarkably improving the catalytic activity and lowering the loading of precious metals for the synergetic facilitation of carriers. |
Non-precious catalysts | Non-noble OER catalysts with high catalytic activity and excellent stability are the most ideal OER catalytic materials, which have great effects on reducing the catalytic costs and extending the application of water electrolysis. Preparing non-precious OER catalysts is still of great challenge today. Further understanding of the catalytic principles and increasing active site density and catalyst stability are still the most important researches. | In the acidic water electrolysis systems, the non-precious OER catalysts are very limited, and only a few amorphous nitrides, Co spinel oxides, Ti alloys, and N-doped carbides such as NbN x and ZrN x can be used. Non-precious OER catalysts can be synthesized through the heterogeneous element doping, monatomic dispersion, active site anchoring and protective coating methods. | |
Bi-functional electrocatalyst | HER+OER | The high-performance bi-functional hydrogen and oxygen evolution catalysts is of great significance to reduce the cost of acidic water electrolysis. However, improving the catalytic activity is challengeable but meaningful. Preparing the highly active bi-functional catalysts with transitional metal doping process is one of the most important research direction for acidic water electrolysis. | For the bifunctional water electoysis catalyst, the transitional metal doping and morphology control methods are commonly used to elevate the catalytic activity through adjusting the molecular structures, active site forms and surface electronic states and changing the combination environment and chemical adsorption property. |
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